Microbiology
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 3 Steps to Infection | Invasion, Multiplication, Reaction |
| elective localization site | area in which the organism perfers to attach |
| infection | when a microrganism or a certain living agent enters the body of a human or an animal, multiplies and causes a reaction |
| contamination | the mere presence of infectious material; the act of introducing disease, germs, or infectious material into an area or substance |
| 2 types of organisms | True Pathogen and Opportunist |
| true pathogen | real or genuwine disease producing organism (sets out to cause you harm) |
| opportunist | an organism that exist as part of the normal flora but may become pathogenic under certain conditions |
| pathogenicity | the ability of a pathogen to overcome the defensive powers of the host and to induce disease |
| virulence | the degree of pathogenicity possessed by the organism to produce disease;the degree of intensity of the disease produced |
| attenuated | a loss in disease producing ability;an organism whose virulence is decreased |
| Primary infection | an original infection from which a second infection can occur |
| secondary infection | an infection caused by a different organism then the one causing the primary infection |
| mixed infection | an infection caused by 2 or more organisms |
| local infection | an infection confined to 1 anatomical position |
| focal infection | an infection confined to 1 anatomical spot from which infectious material spread to other parts of the body |
| general infection | an infection that becomes systemic |
| acute infection | an infection that runs a rapaid course with severe manifestations (between 12-48 hours) |
| chronic infection | long lasting infection with less severe manifestations (48 hours and beyond) |
| ENdogenous infection | an infection that comes from an organism that is normally present in the body (aka opportunist) |
| EXOgenous infection | an infection in which the causitive agent reaches the body from the outside and enters through one of the portals of entry |
| non-communicable | one whose agent is normally inhabiting the body and only occassionaly producing disease. or resides outside the body producing disease only when introduced into the body) |
| communicable | one whose agent is directly or indirectly transmitted from host to host |
| incidence | number of new cases per block of population in a specific time |
| prevalence | number of cases in existance at any given time in that population |
| sporadic | an occasional case in a community or in a scatter of instances |
| endemic | a disease that occurs continously in a particular region but has a low mortality rate |
| epidemic | an appearence of infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time in the same geographical area |
| pandemic | an infectious disease affecting the majority of a population of a large region, or onethat is an epidemic at the same time in many parts of the world |
| Septicemia | when bacteria enters the blood stream, multiply, causing an infection of the blood stream itself |
| bacteremia | when bacteria enter the blood stream and do NOT multiply; or the presence of a viable (living, thriving) in the blood stream. |
| toxemia | when bacteria distribute toxins, and the toxins enter the blood stream causing an infection |
| factors that influence the virulence of a microbe | has a capsule, pili, spores, toxin producer, enzyme producer |
| 2 types of toxin prodcers | exotoxin and endotoxin |
| exotoxin | toxin produced by a bacterial cell released into its environment when the bacterial cell is alive |
| endotoxin | toxin produced by a bacterail cell when it dies or disinergrates |
| 2 types of an exotoxin | hemolysin and leucocidin |
| hemolysin | toxin released by the bacterial cell hat will lysis or destroy red blood cells |
| leucocidin | a toxin that will lysis or destroy white blood cells |
| sources of infection in communicable diseases | active carrier, passive carrier, and human carrier |
| active carrier | an animal or human that has an infection you could see and/or identify the symptoms |
| passive carrier | an animal or human that has NO infection but the pathogen is in or on the carrier with no interaction |
| human carrier | a human that has the infection but is A-Systemic (not presenting) |
| infections cannot live in a lifeless environmen | sources of infection in a communicable disease |
| there must be a resvivor for the infection | sources of infection in a communicable disease |
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