Chapter 14: Andrew Jackson and the Growth of American Democracy
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mudslinging | reckless accusations used during a political campaign |
| Presidential campaign of 1828 | 6th president John Quincy Adams ran against Andrew Jackson, and Jackson won |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president, hero of Battle of New Orleans, the choice of the common people, born poor, lawyer, lost the election of 1824 |
| The Inauguration of Andrew Jackson | Thousands attended this event. This was the first election that allowed the "common man" the right to vote. In 1828, more than 3 times as many voted as in 1824. |
| well-born | born to an upper-class (wealthy, respected) family |
| John Quincy Adams | 6th president, lost the election of 1828, supported by the rich and well-born |
| self-made | achieving wealth or influence through one's own effort rather than being born to a privileged family |
| Jacksonian Democracy | A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme. |
| kitchen cabinet | Jackson's trusted friends and political supporters who advised him and met in the White House kitchen |
| civil servants | employees of the government |
| spoils system | the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs |
| tariff | a tax imposed by the government on goods imported from another country |
| secede | to withdraw from an organization or alliance; in this case, to withdraw from the United States |
| Nicholas Biddle | President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it. |
| Henry Clay | accused of making a "corrupt bargain" with John Quincy Adams when he urged his supporters to vote for Adams; this allowed Adams to become president in 1824 who then chose Clay to become secretary of state |
| Nullification Crisis | Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void, Jackson responded with a law that lowered tariffs (but not low enough); South Carolina threatened to secede; John C Calhoun was a big advocate |
| The Indian Removal Act | Act passed by Congress in 1830 that allowed Jackson to make treaties in which Native Americans in the East traded their lands for new territory in the Great Plains |
| The Trail of Tears | The forced movement of Cherokee Indians in 1838 to the land west of Mississippi River forced by the U.S. Army. It was hundreds of miles long, many Natives died |
| Osceolo | a chief of the Seminoles of Florida who led them in resisting removal for ten year. Some found refuge in Florida. |
| Black Hawk | a chief of the Sac and Fox of Illinois who led them to fight removal for two years; it ended with the slaughter of most of his warriors |
| Sequoyah | a Cherokee Indian who developed an 86-letter alphabet for the Cherokee language |
| Five Civilized Tribes | Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles; "civilized" due to learning to read and write and adopting "white" ways, forced out of their homelands by expansion |
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