Viruses
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Created by:
konichiwakittie on March 16, 2011
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 prokaryotic | lacking nucleus and all membrane bound organelles |
| flagella | moves the cell (twists in corkscrew motion) |
| cell wall | made of peptidoglycogen- gives shape |
| plasmid | some genes-circular DNA |
| nucleoid region | located outside cell wall; "slippery" polysaccharide (hard for white blood cell to get arms around them) |
| pilli | help bacteria bind/attach to other clels; baceteria, surfaces, etc. CONJUGATION |
| ribosome | RNA rich site of protein synthesis |
| endospore | protects cell against harsh environmental conditions |
| archaebactera | ancient bacteria (survived harsh conditions); chemo-autotrophic |
| eubacteria | "new", true bnacteria, heterotrophic or autotrophic |
| Gram | purple stain attracted to peptidoglycan in the cell wall |
| gram positive bacteria | has a lot of peptidoglycan in the cell wall; cell wall absorbs stain so cell appears purple; less pathogenic than gram-negative (produce exotoxin) |
| exotoxin | give off poinon (ex. streptococcus) |
| gram negative bacterai | cell wall made of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide (more resistant to antibiotic); resists stain so cell appears pink; more pathogenic (toxic); lipopolyssacharides, endotoxic (poisons given off in life and death by LPS) |
| endotoxic | gives off poison in life and death |
| bascillus | rod shaped bacteria |
| coccus | round bact eria |
| spirillium | spiral shaped bacteria |
| spirilia | bacteria that remain singular, don't link together |
| diplo- | bacteria that join together as a pair |
| strepto- | bacteria that form long chains |
| decomposers | (heterotrophic) feed on dead organic matter |
| parasitic | (heterotrophic) feed on living host cell |
| heterotrophic | ingest and digest food |
| photo autotrophs | use sunlight for energy in order to convert inorganic carbon compound into an organic carbon compound (autotrophic) |
| chemo autotrophs | obtain food by oxidizing inorganic substances like sulfer instead of using sunlighit (ex. nitrogen cycle) |
| binary fission | how most bacteria reproduce asexually |
| conjugation | 2 bacteria form conjugation bridgge; transfer plasmid copy; more bacteria become resistant to antibiotic |
| transformation | bacteria pick up pieces of DNA from dead bacteria; take it into their systems |
| transduction | use of a virus as a vector to transfer DNA from bacteria to a new host- kills host |
| nitrogen cycle | makes nitrogen available for living organisms |
| lysozome | enzymes found in tears; break up bacteria |
| antibiotics | drugs produced bacteria designed to kill other bacteria species (zone of inhibition is used to determine effectiveness of antibiotic) |
| antiseptics | soap-washes away bacteria |
| vaccination | injection of weakened pathogen allowing body to create antibodies against it upon later exposure |
| pasteurization | healing (kills bacteria); high heat kills, mdoerate grows |
| hygiene | washing, not picking nose; covering mouth when you sneeze |
| mutualism | both organisms benefit |
| parasitism | one benefits; host doesn't |
| commensalism | (living)one benefit, host is neutral |
| saprophytism | one benefit, host (dead) is neutral (ex. decomposers) |
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