Renaissance and Reformation People
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Created by:
skspier1024 on March 16, 2011
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33 terms
Italian | English |
|---|---|
 Medicis | Under their rule: the Church was corrupt. They patronized the arts and fought wars. This family lavishly spent their money for personal pleasure. |
| Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. |
| John Tetzel | Archbishop Albert hired him to be a church official and to sell indulgences to the people. Tetzel even made up an advertising scheme for the sale of indulgences. He drew up a chart with the prices for the forgiveness of sins. Martin Luther wrote his 95 theses in response to his actions. |
| Henry VIII | English king that left the Catholic church and started the Church of England. |
| Catherine of Aragon | Queen of England that could not produce a male heir for Henry VIII |
| Anne Boleyn | Henry VIII mistress and second wife during the time of the English Reformation, she gave birth to Elizabeth, future queen of England. One of the reasons Henry VIII wanted to get his marriage to Catherine annulled is so that he could marry her. |
| John Calvin | 1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings. Religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society. , This was another leader in the Reformation who believed in a simple faith and a simple method of worship. |
| Ignatius of Loyola | (1491-1556) Spanish churchman and founder of the Jesuits (1534); this order of Roman Catholic priests proved an effective force for reviving Catholicism during the Catholic Reformation. |
| Giorgio Vasari | Coined the word Renaissance. Italian painter and art historian (1511-1574); wrote The Lives of the Artists. Massive patronage of the arts came from this and was lead by families like the Medici's and also the churches, who saw art as a means of glorifying God. |
| Giotto | (1276-1337) Florentine Painter who led the way in the use of realism. |
| Lorenzo Medici | Know as '_________ the Magnificent'. A wealthy banker in Florence and ruled as a dictator but kept up the appearance of having an elected government. Had the killers of his father and brother brutally publicly executed. Statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli (1449-1492) |
| Giovanni Medici-Leo X | 1360-1429. Was the founder of the Medici family fortunes. He was a merchant and banker of Florence. He was not overly interested in gaining control of Florence, that fell to his son, Cosimo. |
| Guilio Medici-Clement VII | Became a cardinal in 1519 and later, became pope in 1523. This French pope was elected to take the place of Urban VI, even though he still claimed to be legitimate. He was also , He was the French pope who was elected to take the place of Urban VI, even though he still claimed to be legitimate. He was also from the Medici Family |
| Savonarola | This man was the leader of Florence after the Medici were overthrown in 1494, as well as a Christian preacher and reformer. He was up against tyrants and corrupt clergy, specifically the Duke of Milan and Pope Alexander VI. He was eventually martyred for his ideas. |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Wrote "The Prince" which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "end justifies the means." It shows the imperfect conduct of people and takes the form of a political guide book. Said that most people are selfish, fickle, and corrupt. Was not concerned on what was right, but what was politically effective |
| Castiglione | Wrote "The Courtier" which was about education and manners and had a great influence. It said that an upper class, educated man (Renaissance Man) should know many academic subjects and should be trained in music, dance, and art as well as charming. Men should also not seek fame. class women should be charming and educated but not ambitious. |
| Sandro Botticelli | 1444 - 1510; Florentine painter known for vivid colors; painted both mythological works ("The Birth of Venus" & "Primavera") & religious works ("The Adoration of the Magi") He was also accused of Sodomy. |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Interested in how things worked. Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance, Leonardo filled notebooks with engineering and scientific observations that were in some cases centuries ahead of their time. As a painter Leonardo is best known for The Last Supper (c. 1495) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503). |
| Michelangelo | An Italian painter, sculptor, and architect of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Among many achievements in a life of nearly ninety years, Michelangelo sculpted the David and several versions of the Pietà, painted the ceiling and rear wall of the Sistine Chapel, and served as one of the architects of Saint Peter's Basilica, designing its famous dome. He is considered one of the greatest artists of all time. Followed the new emphasis on individuals and used a realistic stile of art. |
| Cicero | Conservative Roman senator; Stoic philosopher; one of great orators of his day; killed in reaction to assassination of Julius Caesar. |
| Plato | one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be a great Athenian philosopher of western civilization. Plato explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal state, the people were divided into three different groups. |
| Livy | Historian of the Roman Republic who wrote about the strugle between plebeians and paricians of Rome |
| Marsilio Ficino | Founded the Platonic Academy at the behest of Cosimo de' Medici in the 1460s. Translated Plato's works into Latin, giving modern Europeans access to these works for the fist time. |
| Boccaccio | Wrote the "Decameron" which tells about ambitious merchants, protrays a sensual and worldly society. Tells about people who avoided the Black Plague |
| Raphael | Famous for his use of perspective (vanishing point) in art., (1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens. He also painted famous Renaissance figures |
| Jan Van Eyck | Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting. He also used unusually realistic details and revealed the personality of his subjects (1390-1441) |
| Johann Gutenberg | A German printer of the fifteenth century, who invented the printing press. He also invented the technique of printing with "movable type"--that is, with one piece of type for each letter, so that the type could be reused after a page was printed. |
| Petrarch | The 'Father of humanism', he wrote that literature should not be subordinate to religion. He studied ancient texts like Cicero, and wrote his poetry in Italian vernacular, which unified the Italian language. He became a symbol of a new type of writer, he didn't use language merely as a practical tool but instead for expression. |
| Pico Della Mirandola | Wrote "On the Dignity of Man" which stated that man was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection. Man is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to what man can accomplish. |
| Lorenzo Valla | Humanist and important Renaissance Scholar 1406 - 1457; wrote "On Pleasure" & "On the False Donation of Constintine"; father of modern historical criticism |
| Leonardo Bruni | Florentine who first gave the name humanitas, or "humanity", to the learning that resulted from such scholarly pursuits as Studia Humanitatis; student of Manuel Chrysoloras. Also , wrote "New Cicero" which has the idea that humanists believe that their studies of humanism should be put to the service of the state. |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch (northern) humanist scholar who studied early Christian as well as classical culture (both). He criticized the Church and society. Most famous work was "The Praise of Folly". He believed in a Christianity of the 'heart' and not one of ceremonies and rules. Believed that in order to improve society, all people should study the Bible |
| Shakespeare | This English playwright lived and wrote in Elizabethan times, and his works reflected the world of a strong monarchy. Some plays showed how a single flaw in a ruler can be a disaster, while others had exemplary monarchs with great power and virtue. Revered the classics and drew on them for inspiration. |
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