BIO 105--FInal Exam Review
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Created by:
ibesthealth on March 17, 2011
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Add words from the chapters. For each word, add a definition, system, or function
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 tissue | (Ch. 1) Group of cells with similar structure and function. |
| Chemicals | (Ch 1) Lowest level of organization in the body, |
| Epidermis | (Integumentary) made of stratified squamous keratinizing epithelial tissue. |
| cranial cavity | formed by the skull and contains the brain. |
| proximal | closer to origin |
| diaphram | muscle that separates the thoracic and abdoninopelvic cavities |
| organs of the abdominal cavity | liver, stomach and intestines |
| ventral cavity | consists of 2 compartments, the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity separated by the diaphram. |
| urinary | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, remove waste products from the blood, regulate volume and PH of blood and tissue fluids. |
| integumentary system | skin, hair, nails sweat and oil glands, barrier to pathogens and chemicals. |
| endocrine system | regulates body function by means of hormones, thyroid gland,pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, pancreas. |
| muscular | skeletal muscles, mucsles, tendons, moves skeleton, produces heat. |
| lymphatic system | destroys pathogens,returns tissue fluid to blood,provides immunity,spleen, lymph nodes, thymus gland. |
| digestive system functions | changes food to simple chemicals to be absorbed and used by the body, |
| The pelvic cavity | is inferior to the abdominal cavity and consists of urinary bladder and reproductive organs. |
| nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes ears. Interprets sensory information, regulates body functions by means of electrochemical impulses |
| skeletal system | bones, and ligamennts , supports the body, protects internal organs. |
| respiratory system | lungs, trachea,larynx, diaphram, nose, pharynx bronchi,exchanges air and carbon dioxide between air and blood |
| Vascular | arteries, arterioles, veins, veinules, capillaries. for exchange of materials between blood and tissues |
| dorsal cavity | contains the CNS, and consists of the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. |
| thoracic cavity | enclosed by the ribs, sternum and vertabral column |
| bladder | muscular sac which stores urine |
| esophagus | transport tube that carries chewed food to the stomach |
| mouth | begins to break down food into smaller pieces through mechanical digestion, saliva in mouth starts chemical digestion |
| reproductive system | testes, epiidiymis, ductus deferens, penis, ovaries, uterus, vagina, uterine tubes, for carrying on the human species |
| vertebrae | bone of the spine. 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral fused together into 1 sacrum, 4 or 5 coccygeal vertebrae fused into 1 coccyx, all articulate with one another in sequence connected by ligaments to form a flexible backbone thats supports trunk and head, tunnel within contains spinal cord. |
| homeostasis | the state in which the internal environment of body remains relatively stable by responding appropiately to changes. |
| hemostasis | prevention of blood loss, mechanisms are chemical clotting, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation |
| hair | an accessory skin structure produced in a hair follicle. |
| femur | long bone of the thigh |
| erythrocyte | a red blood cell. |
| connective tissue | tissue that connects, supports, transports, or store materials, consists of cells and matrix |
| carpels | eight short bones of each wrist |
| cell | smallest living unit of structure and function of the body |
| leukocyte | white blood cell, there are 5 types, basophils, neutrophils,eosinophils,thease are the granular group, lymphocytes, monocytes, thease are the agranular group. |
| nephron | structional and functional unit of the kidney that forms urine |
| organ | group of tissues precisely arranged so as to accomplish specific functions |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reaction and physical processes that take place within the body. |
| anatomy | study of the body structure |
| physiology | study of how the body functions |
| epithelial tissue | cover or line body surfaces, some are capable of producing secreations with specific functions. |
| Circulatory system | transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products. |
| specialized fluids | synovial, cerebral spinal, aqueous, etc |
| sclera | thickest layer of the eye and is made of fibrous connective tissue that is visible as the white of the eye. ( part of the senses) |
| cutaneous senses | provide information about external enviroment and the skin itself, the receptors for heat cold itch and pain are free nerve ending, the receptors for touch and pressure are encapsulated nerve endings. |
| lacrimal glands | produce tears. |
| process of hearing | involves the transmissin of vibrations and the generation of nerve impulses, the receptors are called hair cells, which are specialized microvilli. |
| types of connective tissue | blood, areolar (loose), adipose, fibrous, elastic, bone cartilage |
| muscle tissues | skeletal, smooth, cardiac, |
| nerve system | 2 divisions, CNS = brain and spinal cord, PNS=all nerves that emerge from the cns and supply the rest of the body. |
| types of joints | synarthrosis(immovable), amphiarthrosis(slightly movable) diarthrosis(freely movable) |
| Skeleton | made of bone and cartilage, and is framework for support and connected by ligaments moved by muscles, protectsinternal organs from mechanical injury, contains and protects bone marrow, stores calcium important for regulation of blood calcim levels. |
| classifacation of bones | Long(arms and legs),Short(wrists, ankles),Flat(ribs,pelvic bone craanial),Irregular(vertebrae,facia). |
| Antagonistic | opposing or opposite functions |
| Synergistic | same function, working together to perform a particular function. |
| negitive feedback mechanism | control system in which a stimulus initiates a response that reverses the stimulus, thereby stopping the response. |
| Positive feedback | a control system that requires an external event to stop or reverse the stimulus. |
| Red bone marrow | The primary hemopoietic tissue, found in flat and irregular bones, produces all type of blood cells. |
| Retina | The inner most layer of the eyeball that contains the cones, rods, and photoreceptors. |
| Sphincter | a circular muscle that regulates the size of an opening. |
| spleen | an organ of the lymphatic system, consists of lymphatic tissues that produce lymphocytes, macrophages that phagocytize old red blood cells. |
| Starlings Law of the Heart | The force of contraction of the cardiac muscle fibers is determined by the length of the fibers, the more they are streched the more forcefully they contract. |
| stomach | is a reservoir for food, secretes gastric juice to begin protien digestion. |
| ABO group | The red blood cell types determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the rbc membrane, 4 types are A,B,AB,and O. |
| Alimentary tube | consists of the oral cavity pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. |
| Blood pressure | the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels. |
| Diastolic | in the cardiac cycle the relaxation of the myocardium, bottom number of blood pressure |
| systole | in the cardiac cycle the contraction of the myocardium, the top number of blood pressure |
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