Sociology
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Created by:
StephWisen on March 17, 2011
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71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Socialization | Defined as the process that teaches the norms values and other aspects of the culture to new group members |
| Hidden Curriculum | Refers to the lessons taught in schools that are unrelated to academic learning |
| Total Institution | Are places in which the most effective forms of re socialization can occur because they isolate people from outside influences so they can be reformed and controlled |
| Nature | The genes we get from our patents at conception are the primary causes of human behavior |
| Nuture | The environment influences the way we think, feel, behave |
| Gilligan's Moral Theory | Males and females make moral decisions differently |
| Boys use? | Morality of justice- a morality base on the rule of law |
| Girls use? | Morality of care- a morality that enables them to make moral decisions by a standard of how best to care for individuals |
| looking Glass Self Theory | The theory that the self develops through a process of reflection, like a mirror |
| Imitation Stage | 0-2 Copies the behaviors of those around them |
| Play Stage | 2-4 Plays roles and begin to know the characteristics of important people in the world |
| Game Stage | 4-- We begin to understand that others have expectations and demands placed upon them |
| Agents of Socialization | Family Class Neighborhood Religion Education Media |
| Parenting Styles | Permissive Authoritative Authoritarian |
| Permissive parenting | High levels of support but an inconsistent enforcement of rules |
| Authoritative parenting | Provides high levels of social control but low levels of emotional support |
| Authoritarian parenting | Parents who listen to their children's input while consistently enforcing the preset rules |
| (Melvin Kohn) Working Class | parents focus on obedience to authority when socializing their children |
| (Melvin Kohn) Middle Class | parents in contrast showed greater concern about the motivations for their children's behavior |
| Social Group | Groups that consist of two or more people who interact with one another and share a common identity |
| Dyad | A group consisting of only two persons |
| Triad | A group consisting of three persons |
| Social Network | The web of ties you have with others |
| Primary Group | Small, intimate and long lasting groups |
| Secondary Group | Formal, superficial, and last for a short or fixed time. |
| In-group | A group to which we feel and affinity or closeness |
| Out-group | A group from which we are disconnected |
| Reference group | The group that you use to evaluate yourself |
| Conformity | The degree to which we alter our behavior, attitudes, and points of view to fit into our perceived expectations of what is appropriate |
| Groupthink | The term for group decisions that are made without objective thought |
| Bureaucracy | Formal organizations that are organized into hierarchy of smaller departments |
| Voluntary Associations | The act of joking an organizations that offers no pay and that expands social networks through interaction. |
| Democratic Leader | a leader who strives to set group policy by discussion and agreement |
| Laizzex-faire Leader | A leader who leads by absence and may in fact not want to be a leader at all |
| Leadership facts | -There is no right type of leadership style -Successful leaders adapt to the style to the situation -the process of leadership impacts both the group members and the leader |
| Group think is likely to exist if the following conditions exist | Group Cohesiveness External threat Strong Leadership |
| Utilitarian organizations | Organization in which people receive wages in exchange for work |
| Normative organizations | Organizations that exist to achieve a worthwhile goal |
| Coercive organizations | Organizations that people are forced to join |
| (Qualities of Organizations) Divisions of labor | tasks are clearly defined |
| (Qualities of Organizations) Concentration of power | Power is in the hand of a few |
| (Qualities of Organizations) Methods of succession | Replacement of members |
| Social Stratification | The ranking of people and the rewards they receive based on objective criteria, often including wealth, power and/or prestige |
| Social Mobility | The ability to change social classes |
| Power | The ability to carry out your will |
| Delegated power: | means given or assigned responsibilities and power |
| Power Elite: | a small group who hold immense power |
| Intragenerational mobility | occurs with an individual changes social standing, especially in the work force |
| Intergenerational mobility | refers to the change that family members make from one social class to the next through generations |
| Structural mobility | occurs when social changes affect large numbers of individuals |
| Exchange mobility | a concept suggesting that, which the U.S. each social class contains a relatively fixed number of people |
| Wealth | All of your material possessions, including income |
| Income | The money you take in |
| Prestige | Refers to the level of esteem associated with out social standing |
| Transitional poverty | a temporary state of poverty that occurs when someone loses a job for a short time |
| Marginal poverty | a state of poverty that occurs when a person lacks stable employment |
| Residual poverty | is chronic and multigenerational poverty |
| Absolute poverty | poverty so severe that one lacks resources to survive |
| Relative poverty | a state of poverty that occurs when we compare ourselves to those around us |
| Near poor | are people who live above the poverty level, but close to it |
| Groups more likely to be in poverty | Working class, lower class, urban underclass |
| Power Elite-made up of which groups | small group who hold immense power. military leaders, high ranking political officials and corporate leaders |
| Upper/Elite Class | Small number that possess significant wealth. 1% |
| Upper Middle Class | high income members. 15% |
| Middle Class | social class that consists of those who have moderate incomes. 34% |
| Working Class | social class made up of high school diplomas and lesser levels of education. 30% |
| Lower Class | Often feels the affects of poverty |
| Urban Underclass | the homeless and chronicle unemployed |
| Education and Social Class | -Very unequal in the U.S -Urban and rural schools have fewer resources that suburban schools |
| Meritocracy Argument | states that those who get ahead do so based on their own merit 1. Working hard 2. getting a good education 3. learning values from parents 4. Being smart 5. Taking risks |
| Conflict theorists | focus on the struggle for limited resources |
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