Kalash: Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 In the history of diagnostic classification of the disease, what is Kraeplin associated with? | schizo is a chronic, deteriorating state |
| What priniciples is Bleuler associated with? | the "four as" fundamental symptoms: autism, ambivalence, loosening of associations, inappropriate affect |
| What principles is Schneider associated with? | he described "first rank" symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, thought withdrawal, thought insertion, imposed feelings and impulses - he emphasized the "positive symptoms of schizophrenia" |
| What are the DSM 4 Diagnostic features of Schizo? | --include 1) ACTIVE psychotic symptoms for at least a month 2) functioning below the highest level expected 3) duration of illness for at least 6 mos (including prodromal or residual phases) |
| What is required in the active phase? | 1) Bizzare delusions OR hallucinations OR 2) 2 or more of the following symptoms Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior negative symptoms (alogia, affective flattening, etc) -These symptoms must be present for a large part of the time during the 1 month ACTIVE period, at least. |
| What are some prodromal or residual symptoms? | social isolation or withdrawal impairment of functioning peculiar behaviors impaired personal hygeine blurred or inappropriate affect abnormal speech odd beliefs (superstitions, ESP) apathy unusual perceptual experiences these symptoms [along with active symptoms] should be present continuously for 6 mos. |
| What are the typical stages of schizophrenia? | prodromal, active, residual main points of each phase: prodromal: 1) onset takes place over months to years, social withdrawal, work impairment, blunting of emotion, avolition= lack of motivation and desire Active: 1) hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech or behavior -- these symptoms lead to medical intervention Residual: 1) Active phase symptoms are minimal, if not absent-- will see more negative symptoms |
| What are the subtypes of schizophrenia? | Catatonic, Disorganized, Paranoid, Undifferentiated, Residual types |
| What is characteristic of the catatonic type of schizophrenia? | 2 or more of the following: 1) motoric immobility evidenced by catalepsy 2) negativism or mutism 3) excessive motor activity 4) peculiar voluntary movements involving posture 5) echopraxia- involuntary, repetitive movement 6) echolalia- repeating what someone says-- automatically [almost like a parrot does!] |
| What is characteristic of the paranoid type? | pre-occupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations [no disorganized speech, behavior, etc] |
| What is characteristic of the undifferentiated type? | active psychotic symptoms== but does not meet criteria for other types! |
| What is characteristic of the residual type? | absence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized speech or catatonic behavior! BUT will see presence of: negative symptoms or 2 or more symptoms used to diagnose schizo DMS-4 style. |
| What is psychosis? | -level of disordered thinking: the person cannot distinguish reality from fantasy -defect in ability to process an experience appropriately |
| What are examples of positive symptoms? | hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, formal thought disorder |
| What are hallucinations defined as? | -perceptions experienced without an external stimulus to the sense organs -have a quality similar to a true perception |
| What are the most frequent type of hallucinations? | auditory |
| What is formication? | It is a tactile hallucination-- often times described as "bugs crawling under my skin" |
| T/F. Olfactory and Gustory hallucinations are rare | True |
| T/F A visual hallucination is not usually associated with an underlying medical issue. | False -- it is! |
| What are delusions? | strong beliefs that are untrue and are contrary to a person's educational and cultural background |
| What are types of delusions? | persecutory/paranoid jealousy guilt/sin grandiose religious somatic delusions of reference delusions of being controlled delusions of mind reading thought broadcasting thought insertion thought control thought withdrawal |
| How would you describe bizarre behavior? | clothing/appearance social/sexual behavior aggressive/agitated behavior repetitive/stereotyped behavior |
| What is formal thought disorder? | derailment incoherence illogicality pressure of speech clanging loosening of association perseveration (repeating topics over and over again!) neologisms (new word that is not in mainstream vocabulary) can't think abstractly! |
| What kind of expressions are considered negative? | anhedonia, asociality affective flattening alogia attentional deficity apathy and avolition |
| What is associality? | -reduction or absence of interest in relationships and interactions with other people. |
| What is alogia? | poverity of speech and thought-- it is a reduction in the quantity of thought. and we know this because we see: decreased fluency and productivity of speech. |
| What is avolition? | reduction/loss of ability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities |
| What is anhedonia? | loss or reduction in capacity for experiencing pleasure |
| What are disorders of perception? | hallucinations, illusions |
| What are illusions? | distortions of real images or sensations |
| What are types of delusions? | bizarre : the delusion is clearly unlikely Non-bizarre: the delusion is theoretically posislbe |
| What is echolalia? | copying someone's sounds |
| What is derailment? | a pattern of speech in which incomprehensible, disconnected, and unrelated ideas replace logical and orderly thought. |
| What is verbigeration? | obsessive repetitions of meaningless words |
| What is word salad? | a mixture of random words |
| What are some characteristics of disorganized behavior? | stereotypic movements mannerisms aimlessness rocking behavior catatonia (excitement/immobility!) |
| T/F. More than 75% of schizophrenics smoke as compared to less than half of all other psychotic patients. | True |
| What is the co-morbidity of substance abuse [aka alcohol abuse or dependence] among schizophrenics? | 30-50% |
| T/F. estimates of 1/3 to 2/3 of homeless people suffer from schizophrenia. | true |
| T/F. Suicide is the leading cause of mortality in a person suffering from schizophrenia. | True-- an estimated 15% die :( |
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