| Term | Definition |
| adage | a proverb |
| bonanza | something very valuable; profitable or rewarding |
| churlish | lacking politeness or good manners; rude |
| citadel | a fortress that overlooks and protects a city; any strong or commanding place |
| collaborate | to work with, work together |
| decree | an order having force of law; to issue such an order; to command firmly or forcefully |
| discordant | disagreeable in sound, jarring |
| evolve | to develop gradually; to rise to a higher level |
| excerpt | a passage taken from a book, article, etc. |
| grope | to feel about hesitantly with hands; search blindly and uncertainly |
| hover | to float or hang suspended over |
| jostle | shove; bump |
| laggard | a person who moves slowly or falls behind |
| plaudits | applause |
| preclude | make impossible |
| revert | to return |
| rubble | broke stone or bricks; ruins; ashes |
| servile | relating to a slave; behaving like or suitable for a slave or a servant |
| vigil | a watch |
| wrangle | quarrel or argue in a noisy, angry way |