5 Written Questions

1. release of renin, angiotensin, aldosterone
2. hormone excess accelerates growth, but epiphyses close early which means stunted and heavy body, hormone deficiency retards CNS and body growth
3. hyperthyroidism
4. metabolic effect
5. favors bone formation, decreases calcium and phosphate levels

5 Matching Questions

1. What happens when hyperglycemia exceeds renal threshold, and glucosuria/ osmotic diuresis?
2. What is a constituent of many compounds, deals with phosphorylation processes, buffer, component of bone and teeth?
3. Would removal of the thyroid gland / C cells have a large effect on calcium balance?
4. What is polyphagia?
5. What are insulin dependent tissues?

1. a initially only as hypothalamic satiety center is insulin dependent, later anorexia and vomiting following tissue damages a/o acidosis
2. b no, has little effect
3. c phosphate
4. d polyuria
5. e neurons, retina, lens, blood cells, pancreatic beta cells, kidney, GI mucosa, placenta

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. increase in glucose absorption / uptake, glucose utilization for energy, glucose production
   1. Do steroid hormones have a storage facility?
   2. What are eikosanoid hormones (hydrophilic)?
   3. How does the increase in thyroid hormones affect carbohydrate metabolism?
   4. When does the hormone effect end?
2. panhypopituitarism
   1. Dwarfism and early aging often affect the entire pituitary gland, what is this called?
   2. What is the major integrating link between the nervous and the endocrine system?
   3. What does the pituitary gland consist of?
   4. How does thyroid hormone excess affect the circulatory and respiratory system?
3. stimulus, hormone production / secretion, target cell response, metabolic change
   1. Secretion of insulin is largely controlled by what?
   2. What does aldosterone stimulate?
   3. Most hormones are controlled by what?
   4. Adenyl cyclase converts ATP to what?
4. posterior pituitary
   1. What is the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones (most common in cats)?
   2. Stress stimulates the hypothalamus to release what?
   3. What is the neurohypohysis extension of the hypothalamus = nervous tissue stores and releases the 2 hypothalamic hormones produced in the nucleus supraopticus and nucleus paraventricularis: ADH and oxytocin?
   4. What are some of the functions of the hypothalamus?
5. secondary DM or type III
   1. How is growth hormone regulated and secreted?
   2. What are synthetic hormones that block the hormones original actions?
   3. What are thyroid hormones, dopamine, melatonin, epinephrine (hydrophilic)?
   4. What can be caused from excess cortisol, growth hormone, progesterone levels causing insulin-resistance and/or activated gluconeogenesis?

5 True/False Questions

1. What can cause Ca/P imbalances? → cereals and innards can cause hyperphosphatemia / hypocalcemia

   True        False

2. How does an increase in glucocorticoids affect fat tissue? → decrease in fat tissue / redistribution

   True        False

3. What is a peptide hormone, secreted in pancreatic alpha cells and the stomach, and the half life ~ 5 min? → Glucagon

   True        False

4. Hyperosmolality and polyuria leads to intra and extracellular dehydration which can lead to hypovolemic shock/ CNS damage/anuria/coma/death; compensation by drinking? → polydipsia

   True        False

5. What is released from the anterior pituitary gland into circulation? → anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, pars intermedia

   True        False