Unit 14: WW2
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Charissavp on March 20, 2011
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pan-American Conference | 1933, this was an international organization that dealt with trade; organized by James G. Blaine; created to encourage cooperation and trust with the manufacturers. Monroe Doctrine come to apply to 20 South American countries. |
| Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act | 1934, (1934) The Act was designed to raise American exports and was aimed at both relief and recovery.Led by Cordell Hull, it helped reverse the high-tariff policy. |
| Nye Commission | charges that the US had been dragged into WW1 by greedy bankers and arms dealers. The Nye committee fueled the controversy by documenting the large profits that banks and manufacturers made during the war... disillusionment w/ the findings serve as a reason for isolationism |
| Neutrality Acts | The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war certain restrictions would automatically go into effect. No American could legally sail on a belligerent ship, or sell or transport munitions to a belligerent nation, or make loans to a belligerent. This displayed that America was not willing to go to war and desired to remain neutral and isolationist. |
| Henry Kaiser | He had supervised the construction of Boulder Dam and reduced the production time to less than two weeks instead of 6 months and then to one ship a day. "Sir Launchalot"; super fast ship builder; a whole ship in 14 days |
| Quarantine Speech | 1937, The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism. |
| Appeasement | Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability. |
| Russo-German Non-Aggression Act | ... |
| Conscription Law 1940 | America's first peacetime draft was initiated-provision was made for training 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserves each year |
| America First Committee | A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker. |
| Destroyer for Bases Deal | Roosevelt agreed to transfer 50 WWI-era naval destroyers to the British navy. In return, the U.S. would gain the right to build 8 naval bases in British territories in the Western Hemisphere. |
| Election of 1940 | Roosevelt (dem) vs. Wendell Wilkie (rep), Roosevelt wins ; FDR had to declare that he would not send Americans to war in order to win ; greatly plagued the years before WWII ; won in a landslide ; first time a president was elected for a third term |
| Lend-Lease Law | Controversial 1941 law that made America the "arsenal of democracy" by providing supposedly temporary military material assistance to Britain. They were "borrowing" the supplies. |
| Atlantic Charter | (FDR) 1941, met on a boat, FDR and Churchill meeting that stated that condemned aggression, affirmed national self-determination, and endorsed the principles of collective security and disarmament. |
| Greer Incident | July 1941: contact between American destroyer and German U-Boat. British patrol plane dropped charges on u boat, u boat fired on American ship that had been transmitting its position to the aircraft. FDR claims that "Germans fired the first shot" |
| Embargo on Japan | the u.s. protested Japans act of aggression and taking over french military bases. they cut off trade with Japan and Japan couldn't live without the oil. |
| Pearl Harbor | United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. No need for propaganda afterward. |
| D-Day | ... |
| Election of 1944 | Year in which Republicans nominated Thomas E. Dewey for president and John W. Bricker (an isolationist senator) for vice president. Democrats renominated Roosevelt but changed vice president to Harry S. Truman. Roosevelt won with sweeping victory. 4th term for Roosevelt. |
| Los Alamos | Alamagordo/Oppenheimer/Einstein |
| Japanese Concentration Camps | After Pearl Harbor US jailed 110,000 Japanese in concentration camps. 2/3rds were American born. Government fear that they might act on behalf of their home country. Unnecessary and unfair. Deprived them of rights, hundreds of dollars and earnings. |
| Korematsu v. US | 1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 2 each survivor |
| War Production Board | Created in 1942, this organization oversaw the production of planes, tanks, artillery pieces, and munitions needed for entering WWII |
| Office of Price Administration | Instituted in 1942, this agency was in charge of stabilizing prices and rents and preventing speculation, profiteering, hoarding and price administration. The OPA froze wages and prices and initiated a rationing program for items such as gas, oil, butter, meat, sugar, coffee and shoes in order to support the war effort and prevent inflation. |
| War Labor Board | (WLB) settled disputes between business and labor without strikes so that production would not be interrupted and morale would be high |
| WAACS | The "Women's Army Axillary Corps", an acronym given to reference women in the army. Women being in the army changed their roles in society and gained them new respect. |
| WAVES | Women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy |
| Braceros | Mexican workers that were brought to America to work when so many men and women were gone from home during World War II that there weren't enough workers. |
| Rosie the Riveter | A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part. |
| Code Talkers | Indians who transmitted messages in their native languages(mainly Navajo); languages which the Germans and Japanese could not understand |
| Harry Truman | The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. |
| Potsdam Conference | July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction. |
| Manhattan Project | Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. |
| Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, dropped by aircraft Enolagay, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. 180,000 people killed or reported missing. |
| Nagasaki | Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945). 80,000 people killed or missing. |
| Race Riots | Detroit- killed 25 blacks and 9 whites. 1943 "zoot-suit" clad Mexicans in LA attacked by Anglo-sailors who roamed the streets in taxicabs, hunting them down. |
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