3 Written Questions

1. O-Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
   I-Anterolaterally on first two ribs
   A- Elevates first two ribs; flex and rotates neck
   NS- Cervical Spinal Nerves
2. O-Spinous process of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
   I- Spinous process of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
   A- Extends vertebral column
   NS- Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
3. O-Ligamentum Nuchae (Strong elastic ligament extending from the occipital bone of the skull along the tips of the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae)
   I- Mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone
   A-Extend or hyperextend head
   NS- Cervical Spinal nerves

3 Multiple Choice Questions

1. O-illiac crest and lumbar fascia
   I- Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib
   A- Flexes vertebral column laterally
   NS- T12 and upper lumbar spinal nerves
   1. Splenius
   2. Longissimus
   3. Quadratus Lumborum
   4. Spinalis
2. Prime mover of back extension. It contains three columns: Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles which form the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles.
   1. Longissimus
   2. Semispinalis
   3. Erector Spinae
   4. Spinalis
3. O-transverse processes of C7 - T12 (I'm guessing the cervical to thoracic regions of the spine)
   I- Occipital bone (capitis) and spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
   A- Extends vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite side
   NS- Spinal nerves (Dorsal rami)
   1. Illiocostalis
   2. Semispinalis
   3. Spinalis
   4. Scalenes

3 True/False Questions

1. Sternocleidomastoid → O-transverse processes of C7 - T12 (I'm guessing the cervical to thoracic regions of the spine)
   I- Occipital bone (capitis) and spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
   A- Extends vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite side
   NS- Spinal nerves (Dorsal rami)

   True        False

2. Illiocostalis → O-Illiac crests (lumborum); inferior 6 ribs (thoracis); ribs 3 to 6 (cervicis)
   I- Angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracis)
   A-Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column
   NS- Spinal nerves (Dorsal rami)

   True        False

3. Longissimus → O-Ligamentum Nuchae (Strong elastic ligament extending from the occipital bone of the skull along the tips of the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae)
   I- Mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone
   A-Extend or hyperextend head
   NS- Cervical Spinal nerves

   True        False