Heart and Blood
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Created by:
shaynasage on March 20, 2011
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88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hematocrit | volume perfect of blood cells in whole blood |
| Buffy Coat | thin layer between plasma and RBC's. contains WBC's and platelets |
| Platelets | cell fragments that play an important part in forming blood clots; thrombocytes |
| Serum | watery fluid of the blood that resembles plasma but contains fibrinogen |
| Formed elements | The cellular elements of blood; erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. |
| Aplastic Anemia | anemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrow |
| Folate-Deficiency Anemia | decrease in RBC due to folic acid deficiency |
| Hemolytic Anemia | anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes |
| Eosinophils | granulocytic WBCs that help protect the body from the numerous irritants that cause allergies |
| Non-Granular Leukocytes | do not contain granules in their cytoplasm; include lymphocytes and monocytes |
| Lymphocytes | Make antibodies to destroy foreign pathogens |
| T-Lymphocytes | provide cell-mediated immunity and are processed by the thymus gland. |
| B-Lymphocytes | lymphocytes that produce antibodies in cell-mediated immunity. |
| Leukocytosis | Abnormally high WBC count |
| Hemopoises | blood cell formation |
| Erythroblastosis Fetalis | condition of a fetus or infant caused by the mother's Rh antibodies reacting with the baby's Rh positive RBCs, characterized by massive agglutination of the blood and resulting life-threatening circulatory problems |
| Thrombus | a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin |
| Thrombocytopenia | a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood |
| Plasma | liquid part of blood |
| Leukocytes | White blood cells |
| Erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| Fibrinogen | a protein present in blood plasma |
| Polycythemia | An excessive number of red blood cells |
| Pernicious Anemia | Deficiency of red blood cells caused by lack of vitamin B12 |
| Acute Blood Loss Anemia | Etiology: Sudden loss of blood in a short period of time. |
| Neutrophils | White blood cells that stains readily with neutral dyes |
| Basophils | a type of WBC that promotes inflammation and participates in allergic responses. |
| Monocytes | a phagocyte |
| B-Lymphocyte | a lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen, it will differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity) |
| Leukopenia | an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count |
| Leukemia | malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues |
| Erythropoiesis | the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow |
| Hemophilia | congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding |
| Embolus | A blood clot or other substance that is moving and the blood and may block a blood vessel |
| Primary Function of blood | Fight disease, deliver nutrients and oxygen throughout the body |
| Steps in blood clotting | Prothrombin is activated by platlets to form Thrombin. Thrombin activates Fibrinogen to be made into the meshwork of Fibrin. |
| ABO Blood Typing System | The different types of blood that are identified by certain antigens in red blood cells (A, B, AB, O, and Rh-negative and Rh-positive) |
| Ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body. |
| Myocardium | the middle muscular layer of the heart wall |
| Diastole | relaxation phase of the heartbeat |
| Biscuspid/Mitral Valve | valve between left atrium and left ventricle |
| Chordae tendinae | fibers attatched to the tricuspid valve which pull it closed when papillary muscles contract, preventing backwash of blood |
| Pulmonary Semilunar Valve | heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery |
| Incompetent Valves | leak; allowing blood to flow back into the chamber from which it came |
| Rheumatic Heart Disease | Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults |
| Vena Cava | either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart |
| Pulmonary Veins | deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
| Systematic Circulation | flow of blood from the heart through the body back to the heart |
| Myocardial infarction | destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle; heart attack |
| Angina Pectoris | a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart |
| Stroke Volume | the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat |
| Sinoatrial Node | a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat; pace maker |
| Bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat |
| Heart failure | inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions |
| Arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Capillaries | the smallest blood vessels |
| Veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| Hypertension | blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater) |
| Heart Disease | a disease of the heart |
| Atria | the two upper chambers of the heart- the receiving areas that pool incoming blood. |
| Pericardium | a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart |
| Systole | the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery |
| AV Valves | right and left valves between atria and ventricles; tricuspid and mitral valves |
| SL Valves | Right side: pulmonary SL valve, Left side: aortc SL valve; prevents blood in arteries to spill back into the ventricles |
| Aortic SL valve | Valve at the base of the aorta |
| Stenosed Valves | narrow valves that reduce blood flow |
| Heart Murmur | an abnormal sound of the heart |
| Pulmonary Arteries | carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs |
| Pulmonary Circulation | circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs |
| Coronary Arteries | the two arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle |
| Atherosclerosis | a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls |
| Cardiac Cycle | the complete cycle of events in the heart from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next |
| Cardiac Output | the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles in a given period of time |
| Dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm |
| Tachycardia | abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute) |
| Congestive heart failure | inability to pump enough blood to avoid congestion in the tissues |
| Arterioles | small vessels that receive blood from the arteries |
| Venules | small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins |
| Blood Pressure | the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels |
| Pulse | the rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with each beat of the heart |
| Blood flow through the heart | vena cava, r atrium, tricuspid valve, r ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lungs - drop off CO2 and pick up O2, pulmonary veins, l atrium, biscuspid valve (mitral valve), l ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, aortic branches (arterioles) to the rest of the body |
| Conduction system of the heart | SA (sinoatrial) node (pacemaker) AV (atrioventricular) node Bundle of His (AV bundle) Right and left bundle branches Purkinje fibers to muscles of ventricles |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium |
| epicardium | the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium |
| coronary bypass | grafting of a portion of a blood vessel from another part of the body |
| Depolarization | electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle |
| Echocardiogram | an image of the heart produced by ultrasonography |
| EKG | a graphical recording of the cardiac cycle produced by an electrocardiograph |
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