History Chapter 8 Vocabulary
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Created by:
kgreatwood on March 20, 2011
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 oracle bone | an animal bone or turtle shell used by the Shang kings of China to communicate and influence the gods. |
| oracle bone | What's significance was: 1. First use of writing in Shang dynasty. 2. Kings influenced gods through the bones 3. Priests wrote questions to the gods |
| pictograph | a picture or drawing that represents a word or idea in an early system of writing |
| pictograph | What's significance was: 1. Chinese system of writing 2. had a huge number of symbols that mostly = words 3. you could read it without being able to speak it 4. helped unify the land |
| dynastic cycle | the pattern of the rise and fall of dynasties |
| dynastic cycle | What's significance was: the pattern in which Chinese dynasties rose and fell |
| Mandate of Heaven | an ancient Chinese belief that a good ruler had the gods approval |
| Mandate of Heaven | What's significance was: 1. if a ruler was bad/foolish or bad things started happening in the land, the people believed the ruler had lost the _________ __ ___________ 2. when #1 happened it was time for a new ruler |
| Philosophy | an investigation of basic truths about the universe, based on logical reasoning |
| Philosophy | What's significance was: three different ____________ made emperors ways of ruling change dramatically each time a new "set" of rulers took over |
| Legalism | the belief that a ruler should use the legal system to force people to obey laws |
| Legalism | What's significance was: 1. books from different philosophies got burned 2. people rioted against the strong government |
| Confucianism | a philosophy based on the teachings of Confucius as recorded in the collection called the "Analects" |
| Confucianism | What's significance was: 1. it set out family and social roles 2. good rulers because of encouraged education |
| Filial Piety | respect for one's parents and ancestors - an important teaching of Confucianism |
| Filial Piety | What's significance was: Confucius' most important teaching |
| Daoism (Taoism) | a belief said to have begun with the sixth-century-b.c. philosopher Laozi. ________ (______) emphasizes living in harmony with nature |
| Daoism (Taoism) | What's significance was: ________ (______) contrasted sharply with the other two philosophies |
| Qin | a state of ancient China |
| Qin | What's significance was: ____ united the empire |
| Shi Huangdi | a Chinese ruler who came to power in 221 B.C. and unified and expanded China by ending internal battles and conquering rival states |
| Shi Huangdi | Who's significance was: 1. ended internal battles 2. Legalist - tried to wipe out Confucianism 3. built the Great Wall 4. weakened nobles power 5. started Qin dynasty |
| Han Dynasty | a Chinese dynasty begun in 202 B.C. by Liu Bang, which reunified China |
| Han Dynasty | What's significance was: 1. Confucian government 2. expanded far and wide 3. helped built silk road 4. invented paper |
| Bureaucracy | a system of organized government departments staffed by appointed officials |
| Bureaucracy | What's significance was: the most educated people were the people in power |
| Silk Roads | the overland trade routes along which silk and other Chinese goods passed to Mesopotamia and Egypt |
| Silk Roads | What's significance was: gave the Chinese access to more resources |
| Trans-Eurasian | involving the continents of Europe and Asia |
| Trans-Eurasian | What's significance was: the silk roads are so long that they are ______-__________ |
| Cultural Diffusion | the spread of ethnic ideas and customs to other areas of the world |
| Cultural Diffusion | What's significance was: there was a lot of diversity in the customs |
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