Progressivism, WWI, Roaring Twenties, Great Depression
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Created by:
AbigailJordan on March 20, 2011
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Red Scare (2) | -era of hysteria caused by a communist revolution in Russia; series of raids; arrested 6,000 suspected communists -led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer |
| Sacco and Vanzetti Trial | Jury and judge were prejudiced in some degree because the two people were Italians, atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers. |
| KKK | Discriminatory group; peaked at the twenties and claimed five million members |
| Emergency Quota Act of 1921 (2) | -quell fears of "100% Americans" -3% of people of their nationality were counted (that lived in 1910) |
| Immigration Act of 1924 | cut quota for EQA down to 2% |
| 18th Amendment (1920) | prohibited sale of alcohol; never effectively enforced because so many people still drank |
| Orville and William Wright (Wright Brothers) | 1903: flew first airplane |
| Charles Lindbergh (2) | -first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean- "Spirit of St. Louis" -baby was caught by gangsters during prohibition |
| Radio | most popular form of communication in twenties |
| United Negro Improvement Association (4) | -founded by Marcus Garvey -advocated for totally separate society for African Americans -"Back to Africa" movement -help Native Americans liberate from colonial powers |
| "Twenties Woman" (2) | -flapper: embraced fashions and urban attitude of the day -short hemlines, clipped, bobbed hair, smoke, drank, sexually active and open |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald (2) | -author of "The Great Gatsby" and "This Side of Paradise" -captured society/coined phrase: "Jazz Age" |
| Ernest Hemingway | -author of "The Sun Also Rises" and "Farewell to Arms" |
| Last Generation Authors (5) | -Hemingway -Remarque -Seeger -Fitzgerald -Eliot |
| Edith Wharton and Willa Cather | wrote about women's experiences |
| Harlem Renaissance | -Literary and artistic movement celebrating African American experiences |
| Langston Hughes | poet during Harlem Renaissance |
| Zora Hurston | novelist during Harlem Renaissance |
| Cotton Club in Harlem | -New Orleans, Chicago (jazz music) during twenties |
| Louis Armstrong | -jazz trumpet player during twenties- used improvisation to add personal experiences to jazz |
| Tin Pan Alley | Music Publishers in NYC during twenties |
| Irving Berlin (2) | -American Composer during twenties -"White Christmas" and "God Bless America" |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | American architect during twenties |
| Speakeasies and Bootleggers (2) | -person who had to know the password or present a card to gain access to the illegal saloons and night clubs -illegal smugglers of alcohol |
| Prohibition led to ---?--- | -rise of gangs that competed to distribute liquor |
| "Scarface" Al Copone (2) | -famous gangster -caught for tax evasion |
| John Dewey (3) | -education reformer -professor at Columbia University -"Learning by Doing" principles |
| John Scopes (3) | -challenged Tennessee law that declared teaching evolution in public schools illegal (how can one determine the role of science and religion in public schools?) -William Jennings Bryan was made to sound foolish by Clarence Darrow (expert attorney) -found guilty, Scopes was fined $100 |
| Selling to America (advertising) (2) | -used persuasion, ploy, seduction and sex appeal -demand for manufactured goods increased (medicines, etc.) |
| Buying on Credit (2) | -companies get Americans to buy more products -allowed Americans to live beyond their means |
| Henry Ford (3) | -assembly line -eight hour work day -$5 dollars per day |
| New Homes Built with Garages (3) | -allowed rural familes to travel to the cities for shipping and entertainment -teenagers: new sense of freedom -Urban Sprawl |
| Presiden Warren G. Harding (5) | -Republican "Old Guard" -promised "return to normalcy" and laissez-faire -good man, but weak -corporations expand, anti-trust laws were not as enforced/downright ignored -Cabinet: Charles Evans Hughes (state), Herbert Hoover (Commerce), Andrew W. Mellon (Treasury) |
| Albert B. Fall & Harry M. Daughtery | -secretary of interior/attorney general -two wors of the scandalous cabinet members |
| Adkins vs. Children's Hospital | reversed Muller vs. Oregon (no special treatment for women anymore) |
| Merchant Marine Act of 1920 | authorized Shipping Board to get rid of alot of ships at bargain prices, reducing the navy (War Industries Board no longer needed) |
| Veterans' Bureau | created to operate hospitals and provide vocational rehabilitation for disabled |
| Adjusted Compesation Act (2) | -created becase veterans wanted monetary compensation promised to them for their services in war -gave every former soldier a paid-up insurance policy due in twenty years (1940's) |
| simple joint resolution with Germany | -created because technically America and Germany never ended war between them in Treaty of Versailles -made Americans angry because they wanted Germany to pay |
| Washington "Disarmament" Conference (2) | -a 5:3:3 ratio of ships could be held by US, Britain, and Japan (in order) -Soviet Union (communist) not recognized by US-not invite-did not attend |
| Five-Power Naval Treaty of 1922 | embodied Hughes's ideas on ship rations, but only after Japanese recieved compensation |
| Four-Power Treaty | -bound Britain, Japan, France, and US to preserve status quo in Pacific -NO increase in military presence on Pacific -replaced 20-year-old Anglo-Japanese Alliance -Congress only approved treaty if US was NOT bound (rendered it useless) |
| Nine-Power Treaty of 1922 (2) | -kept open door policy with China -no limits placed on small ships |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact (3) | -Frank B. Kellogg (Calvin Coolidge's Secretary of State) won Nobel Peace Prize for his role in "Pact of Paris" -all nations signed would no longer use was as offensive means "we won't start war" -essentially outlawed war- doesn't work |
| Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law (2) | -hiked tariff from 27% to 35 % (tax on foreign goods so American goods will sell) -problem: Europe needed to sell goods to US in order to get money to pay back its debts (can't sell=can't repay) |
| Scandal Stuff (2 people) | -Charles R. Forbes: resigned as head of veteran's bureau; stole $200 million -Attorney General Daughtery: accused of illegal sale of pardons and liquor permits |
| Teapot Dome Scandal (2) | -Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall leased land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, CA to rich oilmen (Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny) -but not until Fall recieved "loan" (bribe) of $100,000 from Doheny and 3x that from Sinclair. |
| Calvin Coolidge (3) | -Yankee; Republican ;serious, never spoke more than needed; president after Harding died -morally clean person; not touched by Harding scandals -isolationism ruled during presidency |
| New Techology in Farming & Effects | -gasoline-engine tractor->increased farm production -however after war, products weren't needed, thus farmers fell into poverty |
| Capper-Volstead Act | exempted farmers' marketing cooperatives from antitrust prosecution |
| McNary-Haugen Bill | sought to keep agricultural prices high by authorizing government to buy up surpluses and sell them abroad |
| Election of 1924 (3) | -Republicans: Calvin Coolidge (again) -Democrats: John W. Davis -Third Party Candidate: Robert La Follette (gained endorsment of AFL and Socialist Party) |
| Coolidge Military Issues (3) | -US troops were withdrawn from DR in 1924 but remained in Haiti till 1934 -troops taken from Nicaragua in 1925, then sent back next year -defused situation with Mexico where Mexicans were claiming sovereignty over oil resouces in 1926 |
| Dawes Plan (3) | -Germany's payment plan to Britain involving private loans from the US -payments were a huge circle, with America never really getting repaid America$-->Germany$-->Allies$--> America$ -US gained bitter enemies in France and Britain |
| Economic Decline in Twenties (2) | -industries were declining (railroads, coal, steel, textiles, mining, lumber, energy) -most significant indicator: reduction in homes being built |
| Election of 1928 (3) | -Republicans: Herbert Hoover (good personality) -Democrats: Alfred Smith (blanketed by scandal- drinking during prohibition) -Radio was important factor in campaign |
| Herbert Hoover (2) | -good personality -laissez faire -made his way up from poverty "American Dream" |
| Agricultural Marketing Act (2) | -help farmers help themselves; set up a Federal Farm Board -FFB created Grain Stabilization Corporation and Cotton Stabiliztion Corporation to bolster sagging prices by buying surpluses |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff | raised to 60%!!!, hated by foreigners |
| "Bull Market" | period of rising stock prices when people heavily invested in stocks and bonds |
| Speculation | buying "risky" stocks on the chance of making a quick profit |
| Buying on the Margin | putting a small portion of stock's price as down payment and borrowing rest of the money to buy the share of the stock |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929: stock market crashed |
| Causes of the Great Depression (4) | -Tariffs and debts from the war cut down on the foreign market for American goods -Farming crisis -Credit was easily available -Unequal distribution of wealth |
| Effects of the Great Depression (3) | -millions of Americans were jobless -people turned bitter on Hoover -villages of shanties and ragged shacks were called Hoovervilles and were inhabited by people who'd lost their jobs |
| Hoover during Great Depression (6) | -unfairly recieved brunt of the blame for it -passes measures that made it less severe "if Hoover can feed millions in Belgium, why not America" -didn't believe in government tampering -depressions were part of natural economic cycle -valued American individualism -created charities to help Americans |
| Hoover Dam (2) | -withdrew 2.25 billion to start projects to relieve suffering -Hoover Dam of CO River |
| Muscle Shoals Bill | dam Tennessee River- vetoed by Hoover |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | government lending bank |
| Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injection Act | outlawed anti-union contracts and forbade the federal courts to issue injunctions to restrain strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing |
| Bonus Army (3) | -bill debated by Congress thta would have paid WWI veterans cash and a life insurance policy in 1945 -Congressman Patman thought they should be paid immediately (Patman Bill- voted down) -"Bonus Expeditionary Force"-marched on Washington DC |
| "Bonus Expeditionary Force" (3) | -marched on Washington DC, Hoover ordered people to leave -2,000 members of Bonus Army refused -Hoover feared violence and called in military |
| Japan's attack on Manchuria (3) | -shut open door policy -flagrant violation of League of Nations -met in Geneva, Switzerland -meeting drove Japan of of LON, weakening it further |
| Hoover's Good Neighbor Policy | -Hoover interested in relations south of border -US had less money to spend; unable to dominate Latin America, but we help stabilize them |
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