| Term | Definition |
| Anticline | Upward fold |
| Syncline | downward fold |
| Fracture | break in a rock |
| Fault | break in earth's crust along which movement occurs |
| Landform | physical feature od earth below or above sea level |
| Elevation | height of point on a mountaintop |
| Folding | bending or curving or earth's crust |
| Plain | a large flat area just above sea level |
| Plateau | a large flat areat at high level |
| Volcanism | movement of magma inside Earth |
| lava | magma that reaches earth's sufarce |
| Vent | volcano opening from which lava flows |
| Crater | a pit at the top of a volcanic cone |
| Caldera | a large hole that form when a magma roof collapses |
| Earthquake | sudden, strong movement of earht's crust |
| Focus | a point beneath earht's surface where an earthquake stars |
| Epicenter | place of earth's surface directly abovr the focus |
| Seismograph | instrument that detects and measures earthquakes |
| P-wave | fastest seismic primary waves |
| S- wave | Secondary waves move slower through solids |