5 Written Questions

1. the base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds
2. A-T, G-C
3. information flow goes in one direction only: DNA --> mRNA --> protein
4. at the ribosome
5. RNA processing

5 Matching Questions

1. where does transcription occur
2. components of a typical gene
3. how many pairs of autosomal and sex-determining chromosomes do humans normally have?
4. name the two pyrimidines in DNA
5. what are the steps in transcription

1. a 22 autosomal, 1 sex-determining
2. b T,C
3. c 5' end, promoter region, alternating exon and intron regions, 3' end
4. d 1. initiation - the catalyst RNA polymerase binds to promoter sequence and 'opens' the DNA
   2. elongation - RNA polymerase advances 3' to 5' creating a complementary strand of RNA
   3. termination - RNA polymerase reaches a stop codon and release completed RNA. Dissociates from DNA
5. e in the nucleus

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. cellular machinery makes a copy of the DNA called mRNA, the mRNA is then used as a template for making a protein
   1. what does 1 gene code for?
   2. how do genes become proteins?
   3. how many stop codons are there?
   4. how many start codons are there?
2. in the nucleus
   1. where does translation occur?
   2. what does 1 gene code for?
   3. what are the steps in translation
   4. where does RNA processing take place?
3. adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
   1. name the two purines in DNA
   2. name the 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA
   3. name the two pyrimidines in DNA
   4. name the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA
4. reading of mRNA; the translating of the mRNA into a string of amino acids to make a protein
   1. define translation
   2. where does translation occur?
   3. where does transcription occur
   4. define transcription
5. in the nucleus
   1. where are chromosomes located?
   2. what does 1 gene code for?
   3. define translation
   4. where does translation occur?

5 True/False Questions

1. implication of the central dogma for understanding genetic diseases → information flow goes in one direction only: DNA --> mRNA --> protein

   True        False

2. what does 1 gene code for? → 1 protein

   True        False

3. definition of the human genome → 5' end, promoter region, alternating exon and intron regions, 3' end

   True        False

4. what are the two types of chromosomes humans have? → 1. ribosome traverses mRNA
   2. tRNAs are added that code for specific amino acids
   3. protein is assembled by adding peptide bonds to the growing amino acid chain

   True        False

5. how does the 3rd position wobble arise? → arises from the redundancy in the genetic code, whereby multiple 3-letter combinations code for the same amino acid, therefore in some cases a mutation in the 3rd position won't affect the coding

   True        False