1.
Alleles: Alternate forms of a gene.
2.
Anaphase I: Phase of Meiosis in which homologues of each bivalent separate and move to opposite poles.
3.
Bivalent: Two homologous chromosomes that stay in close association during the first two phases of Meiosis 1.
-Sometimes referred to as Tetrad.
4.
Crossing Over: An exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of a bivalent during Meiosis I. Happens during Synapsis.
5.
Diploid Number (2n): Refers to the total number of chromosomes.
46 in humans.
6.
Fertilization: Union of male and female gametes.
7.
Gametes: Reproductive Cells
8.
Genetic Recombination: the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents
9.
Haploid Number (n): The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell.
23 in humans.
10.
Homologous Chromosomes: Within Diploid cells, the chromosomes that occur in pairs. They look alike; have the same length and centromere position.
Similar banding pattern because they contain genes for the same traits in the same order.
11.
Independent Assortment: When the homologous chromosome pairs separate independently, or in a random manner.
12.
Interkinesis: Following telophase.
Similar to Interphase, except no DNA replication.
13.
Meiosis: (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
14.
Meiosis II: The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
15.
Metaphase I: Phase of Meiosis in which bivalents move towards metaphase plate.
-Homologous pairs align independently at the metaphase plate.
16.
Prophase I: First phase of Meiosis.
Spindle Forms.
-Homologous Chromosomes undergo synapsis to form bivalents.
-Crossing over may occur at this time.
17.
Spores: Found in plants.
Reproductive cells that develop into new multicellular structures without the need to fuse with another reproductive cell.
18.
Synapsis: the side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
19.
Telophase I: Phase of Meiosis in which Daughter cells separate, each having one chromosome from each homologous pair.
20.
Zygote: diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg