The Evolution of Seed Plants
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Created by:
alexa_legas on March 22, 2011
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Secondary Title | growth of stems and roots in diameter |
| Gymnosperms | pines and cycads |
| Angiosperms | flowering plants |
| Pollen Grain | male gametophyte of microsporangium |
| Integument | sporophytic structures that protect the megasporangium |
| Pollination | when a pollen grain lands close to a female gametophyte on a sporophyte of the same species |
| Pollen Tube | A developing pollen grain after pollination |
| Seed | the end product of pollination. Embryo in dormant stage |
| Wood | extensively proliferated xylem |
| Cycads (Cycadophyta) | *palmlike plants in the tropics and subtropics *earliest-diverging clade *300 species |
| Ginkgos (Ginkgophyta) | *common in Mesozoic era *single genus and species today (Ginkgo Biloba) *maidenhair trees |
| Gnetophytes (Gnetophyta) | *90 species *example of one is the Welwitschia |
| Confiers (Coniferophyta) | *most abundant species *700 species *cone-bearing *pines and redwoods |
| Cones | contain reproductive structures of Conifers |
| Megastrobilus | *seed-bearing cone *female *woody cone of pine trees |
| Microstrobilus | *Pollen-bearing cone *male *much smaller |
| Micropyle | small opening in the integument which the pollen grain enters |
| Endosperm | nutritive tissue in seeds |
| Double Fertilization | when two fertilization events take place. |
| Carpel | modified leaf which contains the ovules and seeds |
| Flowers or fruits | characteristic of angiosperms(2) |
| Fruits | characteristic of angiosperms(2) |
| Vessel Elements | water-transporting cells |
| Fiber | supports the plant body |
| Companion cell | cell type in angiosperm phloem |
| Stamens | *structures that contain microsporangium *composed of filament containing an anther |
| Filament | part of the male structure(long slender portion) |
| Anther | Part of male structure(short fat or round tip of filament) |
| Pistil | one or more carpels fused together |
| Ovary | *contains one or more ovules *swollen base of pistil |
| Style | apical stalk of pistil |
| Stigma | terminal surface that receives pollen grains |
| Petals | inner specialized leaves of a flower |
| Corolla | all of the inner specialized leaves of a flower combined |
| Sepals | outer specialized leaves of a flower |
| Calyx | all of the outer specialized leaves of a flower combined |
| Receptacle | central stalk of a flower |
| Perfect Flowers | Have both mega- and microsporangia |
| Imperfect Flowers | mega- or microsporangia, not both |
| Monoecious | *where mega- and microsporangiate flowers occur on same plant * "one-housed" |
| Dioecious | *plant produces flower with stamens or flower with carpels(never both) * "two-housed" |
| Tepals | when petals and sepals are indistinguishable |
| Inflorescence | when flowers are grouped together |
| Cotyledons | *absorptive organs, or *enlarge and become photosynthetic when seed germinates, or *act as both |
| Monocots | One cotyledon |
| Eudicots | A clade consisting of the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons |
| Primary Producers | their photosynthesis traps energy and carbon |
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