computing fundamentals
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 CPU | The main component of a computer which performs mathematical operations, moves data, and makes decisions based on specific instructions. |
| ROM BIOS | A computer chip which holds basic instructions and services in order to run basic hardware tests. |
| RAM | A memory chip in a computer which holds all programs and data when they are in use. |
| Hard Drive | The primary storage component of a computer which holds all software and data. |
| Processing | The second stage of the computing process, in which the computer analyzes information input by the user. |
| Output | The third stage of the computing process, in which the computer produces a result based on the user's request. |
| EULA | document associated with a stand-alone software program which explains the legal regulations for using the software. |
| Stand-Alone Software | A type of software that is downloaded or installed and runs independently on a computer. |
| Sharware | A version of a software application available for free use with limited features or for a trial period. |
| Freeware | Software that is free to use. |
| Optical Media | A type of media used to store data which is read by a laser, such as a CD or DVD. |
| OS (Operating System) | The primary form of software running on a computer that organizes tiles and folders as well as telling the hardware how to interact with the user and other software. |
| Input | The first stage of the computing process, in which a user initiating an action by giving the computer information or a request. |
| Open Source Software | An application that is not installed locally but used over the Internet or another network. |
| Real-Time Operating System | An operating system that reacts to current events and actions occurring around it. |
| Embedded System | An operating system that combines processors and software in a device. |
| Which unit is used to measure computer processing speed? | Megahertz |
| are services used to examine potentially damaged media? Choose all that apply. | Disk Utility |
| Which type of operating system combines processors and software on a device? | Embedded |
| Which type of software tells the hardware how to interact with the user and other software? | Operating system |
| Which are folder view options in Windows? Choose all that apply. | List Details Small Icons Medium Icons Large Icons |
| What allows a user to view folders, applications, devices, and documents on a Macintosh computer? | Finder |
| What is the spreadsheet software in the Microsoft Office suite called? | Excel |
| Which part of a computer holds all programs and data while they are in use? | RAM |
| Which are examples of remote storage? Choose all that apply. | SAN Google Docs Network drive |
| Which process allows a user to return to a previous state on the computer if something goes wrong? | Backup |
| Under which Control Panel category is the Free up disk space option located in Windows Vista? | System and Maintenance |
| What is usually included with standalone software and informs a user how the software can be used legally? | End-User License Agreement |
| Which type of software encourages developers to improve upon and add to it? | Open source |
| What is Software as a Service? | Software accessed over the Internet |
| Which type of operating system responds to events currently occurring? | Real-time |
| False | When a shortcut is deleted, the original application, folder, or file is also deleted. |
| Where are the majority of the technical and maintenance settings located on a Windows computer? | Control Panel |
| Applications can be installed directly from the Web. | True |
| Which are Finder viewing options for Macintosh? Choose all that apply. | Applications can be installed directly from the Web Columns |
| What is used in the Dock to indicate that an application is currently running on a Macintosh computer? | Bright spot under the application icon |
| Where are the majority of the technical and maintenance settings located on a Macintosh computer? | System Preferences |
| A file type must be associated with the correct application in order to open. | True |
| Which type of software stores information in structured tables that can connect and interact with each other? | Database |
| Which type of application allows a user to view content on the Web? | Browser |
| Input | the first step in the three-stage process. |
| CPU | moves data, performs mathematic operations, makes decisions based on instructions, and directs the actions of hardware and software. |
| ROM-BIOS | computer chip which holds basic instructions and services in order to run basic hardware tests. |
| RAM | part of a computer that holds all programs and data while they are in use |
| random access memory | stands for RAM |
| one byte | 8 bits |
| optical media | media used to store data which is read by a laser |
| CD-R | type of optical media that can only be written to once. |
| remote | SAN, Google Docs, and Network drive |
| input devices | Scanner, keyboard, touch screen, and game controller |
| input/output | Manual and plug-and-play are the two main basic installation methods |
| computer's purpose | When deciding which type of computer to purchase, a buyer should first consider |
| Backup option | to return to a previous state on the computer |
| System and Maintenance | The Free up Disk Space option is located in the |
| Printer maintenance | includes changing the ink cartridge, clearing paper jams, and aligning printer heads |
| Start orb | Start button |
| Start menu | gives access to programs or files on the computer |
| task bar | The minimize button in a window or application sends that window or application to the |
| Close button | The bright red X at the top of a window or application is the |
| When a shortcut is deleted | the original application, folder, or file is not deleted |
| Folder Options dialog box | Show hidden files and folders, Hide extensions for known file types, and Hide protected operating system files are all options available in the |
| task bar shows | all the programs, files, and applications open or in use |
| The majority of the technical and maintenance settings are located in the | Control Panel |
| Lock, Sleep, Log Off, Restart, Hibernate, and Shut Down | all options dealing with powering down a Windows computer |
| Web | Applications can be installed directly from the |
| Finder viewing options for Macintosh | List, Columns, and Thumbnails are |
| A bright spot under the application icon appears in the dock to indicate that an application is currently running | on a Macintosh computer. [Application Indicators] |
| System Preferences on a Macintosh computer | The majority of the technical and maintenance settings are located in |
| open | A file type must be associated with the correct application in order to |
| suite | A group of different applications that work together |
| Productivity suites | Word processing, spreadsheets, and presentation software |
| PowerPoint | presentation software in the Microsoft Office suite |
| connect and interact with each other | A Database is a type of software that stores information in structured tables that can |
| Web | The Browser allows a user to view content on the |
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