Chapter 11: Intelligence
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beccagordon on October 30, 2008
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. |
| factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score. |
| general intelligence | a factor that according to Spearman, and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. |
| savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ablility has an exceptional specific skill, such as computation or drawing. |
| analytical intelligence | assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. |
| creative intelligence | demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas. |
| practical intelligence | often required for everyday tasks, which are frequently ill-defined, with multiple solutions. |
| emotional intelligence | the ablility to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. |
| creativity | the ablility to produce novel and valuable ideas. |
| expertise | (component) a well-developed base of knowledge. |
| imaginative thinking skills | (component) provide the ability to see things in novel ways, to recognize patterns, to make connections. |
| a venturesome personality | (component) tolerates ambiguity and risk, perseveres in overcoming obstacles, and seeks new experiences rather than following the pack. |
| intrinsic motivation | (component) the focus and motivation comes from things that they naturally want to do. |
| a creative environment | (component) sparks, supports, and refines creative ideas. |
| intelligence test | a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. |
| mental age | a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. |
| Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test. |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) | defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100. (mental age/chronological age x 100) |
| aptitude test | a test designed to predict a person's future performance; the capacity to learn. |
| achievement test | a test designed to assess what a person has learned. |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. |
| standardization | defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group. |
| normal curve | the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. (Most scores fall near avg, and fewer & fewer scores lie near extremes) |
| reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting. |
| validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. |
| content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. (driving test that samples driving tasks) |
| criterion | the behavior that a test is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity. |
| predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. |
| reification | a reasoning error whereby a person views an abstract thing as if it were a concrete thing.The act of inventing a concept, giving it a name, and convincing yourself that such a thing exists in a concrete form in the real world. |
| The Flynn Effect | the widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century. |
| the g factor | the overall-general capacity that underlies all of the specific mental abilities. (Spearman) |
| fluid intelligence | the ability to quickly reason and solve problems involving complex relationships - such as tests of block design and spatial visualizations. |
| crystallized intelligence | the knowledge a person has acquired from "book smarts" during their life (verbal & numerical skills). |
| Gf-Gc theory of intelligence | fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence together are known as ... |
| theory of multiple intelligences | (Howard Gardner) there are seven intelligences, each independent of the others. (this is an opposite theory of the g factor theory). |
| verbal, logical, musical, spatial, tactile, interpersonal, intrapersonal | the seven intelligences |
| threshold effect | you need a certain minimal amount of intelligence to "jump-start" creativity, but that's all. |
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