Medical Law and Ethics Chapter 8& 9
Order by
238 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 federal statutes passed in 1988 that established minimum quality standards for all laboratory testing | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) |
| the federal law that authorizes OSHA to inspect hazardous medical wastes and to cite offices for unsafe or unhealthy practices regarding these wastes | Medical Waste Tracking Act |
| makes it illegal to discriminate in hiring or firing because of union membership or organizational activities | Wagner Act of 1935 |
| prevents employers from discriminating in hiring or firing on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; applies to businesses with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year | Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| prohibits discrimination in hiring or firing based on age, for persons aged 40 or older; applies to businesses with 20 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year | Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 |
| prohibits discrimination in employment practices based on physical disabilities or mental health, also requires federal contractors to implement affirmative action plans in hiring and promoting disabled employees; applies to employers with federal contracts of $2,500 or more | Rehabilitation Act of 1973 |
| amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act that makes it illegal to fire an employee based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions | 1976 Pregnancy Discrimination Act |
| applies to all employers with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks during the year. Titles I and III of the act ban discrimination against disabled persons in the workplace, mandate equal access for the disabled to certain public facilities, and require all commercial firms to make existing facilities and grounds more accessible to the disabled | Titles I and V of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 |
| among other things, provides monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination | The Civil Rights Act of 1991 |
| funded by the Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA), the act now encompasses "old age" and survivors insurance (OASI), public disability insurance, unemployment insurance (through the Federal Unemployment Tax Act), and the hospital insurance program (Medicare) | 1935 Social Security Act |
| prohibits child labor and the firing of employees for exercising their rights under the act's wage and hours standards. Provides for overtime pay and a minimum wage | 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act |
| an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this act requires equal pay for men and women doing equal work | Equal Pay Act of 1963 |
| regulates private pension funds and employer benefit programs. As part of its provisions, employers cannot prevent employees from collecting retirement benefits from plans covered by the act | Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) |
| ensures the safety of workers and prohibits firing an employee for reporting workplace safety hazards or violations | Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 |
| applies to employers with 50 or more employees. Mandates allowing employees to take unpaid leave time for maternity, for adoption, or for caring for ill family members | Family Leave Act of 1991 |
| employment-at-will | a concept of employment whereby either the employer or the employee can end the employment at any time, for any reason |
| wrongful discharge | a concept established by precedent that says an employer risks litigation if he or she does not have just cause for firing an employee. |
| just cause | an employer's legal reason for firing an employee. |
| public policy | The common law concept of wrongful discharge when an employee has acted for the "common good." |
| Who is liable if sexual harassment in the workplace occurs? | Employer, but only if he or she knew or should have known and did nothing to stop it. |
| Sexual harassment may involve any of the following types or interaction: | Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when (1) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual's employment; (2) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis for employment decisions affecting such individual; or (3) such conduct has the purpose or effect of unresonably interfering with an individual's work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. |
| the demand for sexual favors in exchange for employment benefits is called | quid pro quo "something for something" |
| sexual harassment can include unwanted physical advances, explict sexual propositions, and | other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature |
| federal act that makes it illegal for employers to discriminate against employees or potential employees on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin | Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | applies to businesses with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year. Prevents employers from discriminating in hiring or firing on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin |
| act that protects the rights of pregnant employees | 1976 Pregnancy Discrimination Act |
| 1976 Pregnancy Discrimination Act | amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act that makes it illegal to fire an employee based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions |
| social security benefits are distributed under the authority of which act | 1935 Social Security Act |
| 1935 Social Security Act | funded by the Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA), the act now encompasses "old age" and survivors insurance (OASI), public disability insurance, unemployment insurance (through the Federal Unemployment Tax Act), and the hospital insurance program (Medicare) |
| 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act | prohibits child labor and the firing of employees for exercising their rights under the act's wage and hours standards. Provides for overtime pay and a minimum wage |
| workers' compensation | a form of insurance established by federal and state statutes that provides reimbursement for workers who are injured on the job |
| protects employees who engage in union or other organizational activities | Wagner Act (of 1935) |
| Provides for Medicare, unemployment insurance, disability, and OASI, through FICA funding. | Social Security Act of 1935 |
| Regulates child labor, and provides for minimum wages and overtime pay. | Fair Labor Standards Act (of 1938) |
| Requires equal pay for equal work. | Equal Pay Act (of 1963) |
| Equal Pay Act of 1963 | An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this act requires equal pay for men and women doing equal work. |
| Established the EEOC | (Title VII of the) Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| Title VII created _______ ? | Created the U.S. Equal Emplyment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). |
| The EEOC enforces _______ ? | Title VII provisions, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Equal Pay Act, and Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act. |
| Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Applies to businesses with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year. Prevents employers from discriminating in hiring or firing on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. |
| The Civil Rights Act of 1991 | Among other things, provides monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination. |
| Protects employees aged 40 or older. | Age Discrimination in Employment Act (of 1967) |
| Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 | Applies to businesses with 20 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year. Prohibits discrimination in hiring or firing based on age, for persons aged 40 or older. |
| Ensures a safe work environment. | Occupational Safety and Health Act (of 1970) |
| Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 | Ensures the safety of workers and prohibits firing an employee for reporting workplace safety hazards or violations. |
| Protects the disabled and menatlly ill. | Rehabilitation Act (of 1973) |
| Rehabilitation Act of 1973 | Applies to employers with federal contracts of $2,500 or more. Prohibits discrimination in employment practices based on physical disabilities or mental health. Also requires federal contractors to implement affirmative action plans in hiring and promoting disabled employees. |
| Regulates private pension funds and employer benefit programs. | Employee Retirement Income Security Act (of 1974) (ERISA) |
| Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) | Regulates private pension funds and employer benefit programs. As part of its provisions, employers cannot prevent employees from collecting retirement benefits from plans covered by the act. |
| Makes it illegal to discriminate because of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions. | Pregnancy Discrimination Act (of 1976) |
| Provides minimum federal standards for quality laboratory testing. | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act/Ammendments (CLIA) |
| Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) | Also called Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. Federal statutes passed in 1988 that established minimum quality standards for all laboratory testing. |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | Established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the organization that is charged with writing and enforcing compulsory standards for health and safety in the workplace. |
| Surety Bond | A type of insurance that allows employers, if covered, to collect up to the specified amount of the bond if an employee embezzles or otherwise absconds (runs off) with business funds. |
| Affirmative Action | Programs that use goals and quotas to provide preferential treatment for minority persons determined to have been underutilized in the past. |
| Chemical Hygiene Plan | The Standard for Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, which clarifies the handling of hazardous chemicals in medical laboratories. |
| Discrimination | Prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment. |
| General Duty Clause | A section of the Hazard Communication Standard stating that any equipment that may pose a health risk must be specified as a hazard. |
| Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) | An OSHA standard intended to increase health care practitioners' awareness of risks, to improve work practices and appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and to reduce injuries and illnesses in the workplace. |
| Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogen Standard | An OSHA regulation designed to protect health care workers from the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. |
| Medical Waste Tracking Act | The federal law that authorizes OSHA to inspect hazardous medical wastes and to cite offices for unsafe or unhealthy practices regarding these wastes. |
| Titles I and V of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 | Applies to all employers with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks during the year. Titles I and III of the act ban discrimination against disabled persons in the workplace, mandate equal access for the disabled to certain public facilities, and require all commercial firms to make existing facilities and grounds more accessible to the disabled. |
| Family Leave Act of 1991 | Applies to employers with 50 or more employees. Mandates allowing employees to take unpaid leave time for maternity, for adoption, or for caring for ill family members. |
| Amendments to the Older Americans Act | A 1987 federal act that defines elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation, but does not deal with enforcement. |
| Autopsy | A postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or to obtain physiological evidence, as in the case of a suspicious death. |
| Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act | A federal law passed in 1974 requiring physicians to report cases of child abuse and to try to prevent future cases. |
| Controlled Substances Act | The federal law giving authority to the Drug Enforcement Agency to regulate the sale and use of drugs. |
| Coroner | A public official who investigates and holds inquests over those who die from unknown or violent causes; he or she may or may not be a physician, depending upon state law. |
| Drug Enforcement Administration | A branch of the U.S. Department of Justice that regulates the sale and use of drugs. |
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | A federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that oversees drug quality and standardization and must approve drugs before they are released for public use. |
| Forensics | A division of medicine that incorporates law and medicine and involves medical issues or medical proof at trials having to do with malpractice, crimes, and accidents. |
| Medical Examiner | A physician who investigates suspicious or unexplained deaths. |
| National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act | A federal law passed in 1986 that created a no-fault compensation program for citizens injured or killed by vaccines, as an alternative to suing vaccine manufacturers and providers. |
| National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) | A no-fault federal system of compensation for individuals or families of individuals injured by childhood vaccination. |
| Prescribe | To issue a medical prescription for a patient. |
| Unborn Victims of Violence Act | Also called Laci and Conner's Act, a federal law passed in 2004 that provides for the prosecution of anyone who causes injury to or the death of a fetus in utero. |
| Vital Statistics | Numbers collected for the population of live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, divorces, induced terminations of pregnancy, and any change in civil status that occurs during an individual's lifetime. |
| Schedule I Drugs | No proven or acceptable medical use in the United States, because of the high potential for abuse. Used strickly for research. |
| Examples of Schedule I Drugs: | Herion, marjuana, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and methaqualone. |
| Schedule II Drugs | Narcotics with a high potential for abuse with severe psychic or physical dependence. Currently have accepted medical use in the United States. |
| Examples of Schedule II Drugs: | Morphine, phencyclidine (PCP), cocaine, methadone, and methamphetamine. |
| Shedule IIn Drugs | Subdivision of Schedule II, nonnarcotic drugs with a high potential for abuse. |
| Examples of Shedule IIn Drugs: | Dexedrine, Desoxyn, Preludin, Ritalin, and pentobarbital. |
| Schedule III Drugs | A potential for abuse is less than Scheule I or II, with currently medical accepted use in the United States. May lead to moderate or low physical and high psychological dependence. |
| Examples of Schedule III Drugs: | Anabolic steroids, codeine, and hydrocodone with asprin or Tylenol, and some barbiturates. |
| Schedule IIIn Drugs | Nonnarcotic central nervous system depressants. |
| Examples of Schedule IIIn Drugs: | Glutehhimide, methyprylong, and barbiturates not listed in other schedules, as well as anorectant agents (suppositories) not listed elsewhere. |
| Schedule IV Drugs | The drug or other substance has alow potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III, and has currently accepted medical use in the United States. Abuse of the drug may lead to physical dependence or psychological dependence. |
| Example of Schedule IV Drugs: | Darvon, Talwin, Equanil, Valium, Xanax. |
| Schedule V Drugs | Contains small amount of narcoctics. Low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV, and has a currently accepted medical use in the United States. Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV. |
| Example of Schedule 5 Drugs: | Cough medicines with codeine, antitussive, antidiarrheal, and analgesic drugs. |
| Schedule II and IIn | Require a properly executed, manually signed prescription. No refills are premitted on these presciptions. |
| Schedule III - V | May be prescribed on written or oral orders, and refills are generally permitted with certain limitations. |
| vital statistics that the government collects are | Live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, divorcies, induced terminations of pregnancy, and any change in civil status that occurs during an individual's life time. |
| Affirmative Action | Programs that use goals and quotas to provide preferential treatment for minority persons determined to have been underutilized in the past. |
| Chemical Hygiene Plan | The Standard for Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, which clarifies the handling of hazardous chemicals in medical laboratories. |
| Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) | Also called Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. Federal statutes passed in 1988 that established minimum quality standards for all laboratory testing. |
| Discrimination | Prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment. |
| General Duty Clause | A section of the Hazard Communication Standard stating that any equipment that may pose a health risk must be specified as a hazard. |
| Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) | An OSHA standard intended to increase health care practitioners' awareness of risks, to improve work practices and appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and to reduce injuries and illnesses in the workplace. |
| Just Cause | An employer's legal reason for firing an employee. |
| Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogen Standard | An OSHA regulation designed to protect health care workers from the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | Established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the organization that is charged with writing and enforcing compulsory standards for health and safety in the workplace. |
| Public Policy | The common law concept of wrongful discharge when an employee has acted for the "common good." |
| Surety Bond | A type of insurance that allows employers, if covered, to collect up to the specified amount of the bond if an employee embezzles or otherwise absconds (runs off) with business funds. |
| Wrongful Discharge | A concept established by precedent that says an employer risks litigation if he or she does not have just cause for firing an employee. |
| Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Applies to businesses with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year. Prevents employers from discriminating in hiring or firing on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. |
| Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 | Applies to businesses with 20 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year. Prohibits discrimination in hiring or firing based on age, for persons aged 40 or older. |
| Titles I and V of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 | Applies to all employers with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks during the year. Titles I and III of the act ban discrimination against disabled persons in the workplace, mandate equal access for the disabled to certain public facilities, and require all commercial firms to make existing facilities and grounds more accessible to the disabled. |
| The Civil Rights Act of 1991 | Among other things, provides monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination. |
| 1935 Social Security Act | Funded by the Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA), the act now encompasses "old age" and survivors insurance (OASI), public disability insurance, unemployment insurance (through the Federal Unemployment Tax Act), and the hospital insurance program (Medicare). |
| 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act | Prohibits child labor and the firing of employees for exercising their rights under the act's wage and hours standards. Provides for overtime pay and a minimum wage. |
| Equal Pay Act of 1963 | An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this act requires equal pay for men and women doing equal work. |
| Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) | Regulates private pension funds and employer benefit programs. As part of its provisions, employers cannot prevent employees from collecting retirement benefits from plans covered by the act. |
| Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 | Ensures the safety of workers and prohibits firing an employee for reporting workplace safety hazards or violations. |
| Family Leave Act of 1991 | Applies to employers with 50 or more employees. Mandates allowing employees to take unpaid leave time for maternity, for adoption, or for caring for ill family members. |
| Who is liable if sexual harassment in the workplace occurs? | Employer, but only if he or she knew or should have known and did nothing to stop it. |
| Sexual harassment may involve any of the following types or interaction: | Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when (1) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual's employment; (2) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis for employment decisions affecting such individual; or (3) such conduct has the purpose or effect of unresonably interfering with an individual's work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. |
| A federal law called _______ the workplace. | Title V of the Civil Right Act |
| The demand for sexual favors in exchange for employment benefits is called _______ ? | quid pro quo "something for something" |
| Sexual harassment can include unwanted physical advances, explict sexual propositions, and _______ . | other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature |
| What federal act makes it illegal for employers to discriminate against employees or potential employees on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin? | Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| vital statistics | numbers collected for the population of live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, divorces, induced terminations of pregnancy, and any change in civil status that occurs during an individual's lifetime |
| autopsy | a postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or to obtain physiological evidence , as in the case of a suspicious death |
| coroner | a public official who investigates and holds inquests over those who die from unknown or violent causes, he or she may or may not be a physician, depending on state law |
| medical examiner | a physician who investigates suspicious or unexplained deaths |
| forensics | a division of medicine that incorporates law and medicine and involves medical issues or medical proof at trials having to do with malpractice, crimes, and accidents |
| National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act | a federal law passed in 1986 that created a no-fault compensation program for citizens injured or killed by vaccines, as an alternative to suing vaccine manufacturers and providers |
| National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) | A no-fault federal system of compensation for individuals or families of individuals injured by childhood vaccination |
| Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act | a federal law passed in 1974 requiring physicians to report cases of child abuse and to try to prevent future cases |
| Amendments to the Older Americans Act | a 1987 federal act that defines elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation, but does not deal with enforcement |
| Unborn Victims of Violence Act | also called Laci and Conner's Act, a 2004 federal law that provides for the prosecution of anyone who causes injury to or the death of a fetus in utero |
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | a federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that oversees drug quality and standardization and must approve drugs before they are releases for public use |
| Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) | a branch of the U.S. Department of Justice that regulates the sale and use of drugs |
| Controlled Substances Act | the federal law giving authority to the Drug Enforcement Agency to regulate the sale and use of drugs |
| prescribe | to issue a medical prescription for a patient |
| Credible | believable or worthy of belief |
| Credibility Gap | an apparent disparity between what is said or written and the actual facts |
| Doctrine of Professional Discretion | means a physician may determine, based on his best judgment, if a patient with mental or emotional problems should view the medical record |
| Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations | JCAHO |
| Open Record Laws | state freedom on information laws that grant public access to records maintained by state agencies |
| Problem Oriented Medical Record | method of documentation that focuses on the patients problems not just on the diagnosis |
| Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan of Action | SOAP |
| incomplete | this type of medical record makes it impossible for the health care provider to defend allegations in court |
| for court purposes, if documentation doesn't appear in the medical record it... | wasn't done |
| Written Consent | to protect patient confidentiality, medical records can be released only with the patients.... |
| Physician | ownership of the medical record usually remains with the... |
| Veterans Administration Hospitals | privacy act of 1974 protects private citizens from distribution of information about themselves by the federal government except... |
| autonomy | independence; refers to the individual's right to make his or her own decisions |
| bloodborne pathogens | disease-producing microorganisms transmitted by means of blood and body fluids containing blood |
| discrimination | unfair or unequal treatment |
| Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) | monitors Title VII of the Civil Rights Act |
| ethnocentric | a belief that one's cultural background is better than any other |
| garnishment | court order that requires an employer to pay a portion of an employee's paycheck directly to one of the employee's creditors until the debt is resolved |
| just cause | legal reason |
| parenteral | medication route other than oral or rectal including subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes |
| pateint dumping | a slang term for transferring pateints from one hospital to another if the pateint is unable to pay for services |
| preempt | overrule |
| principle of double effect | when an action can have 2 effects: one that is morally good and one that is not |
| stereotyping | negative generalities concerning specific characteristics about a group are applied to an entire population |
| vesting | a point in time, such as after ten years of employment, when an employee has the right to recieve benefits from a retirement plan |
| wrogful discharge | when an employee believes that the employer does not have just-cause, or legal reason, for firing the employee |
| Garnishment | Court order that requires an employer to pay a portion of an employees paycheck directly to one of the employees creditors until the debt is resolved |
| Credible | Believable or worthy of belief |
| Credibility gap | An apparent disparity between what is said or written and the actual facts |
| Disclosed | Made known |
| Subpoenaed | Ordered by the court |
| ethics | the study of moral choices that conform to professional standards of conduct |
| philosophy | a basic viewpoint of the system of values of an individul or society |
| deontological | ethical theory based on duty and obligation |
| teleolgical | ethical theory concerned with outcome, whether an action produces greater good in the world |
| bioethics | refers to life-and-death ethical issues and the implications of the application of biological research |
| virtue | goodness conforming to the standard of moral excellence |
| immoral | not moral |
| amoral | without moral concern |
| political | administration of public affairs, particularly those of a government |
| etiquette | the prescribed code of courteous social behavior |
| shibboleth | any phrase or custom peculiar to a certain class of faction |
| values | principles considered desirable |
| ethics | the study of moral choices that conform to professional standards of conduct |
| philosophy | a basic viewpoint of the system of values of an individual or society |
| deontological | ethical theory based on duty and obligation |
| teleological | ethical theory concerned with outcome, whether an action produces greater good in the world |
| bioethics | Refers to life-and-death ethical issues and the implications of the application of biological research |
| virtue | goodness conforming to the standard of moral excellence |
| immoral | not moral |
| amoral | without moral concern |
| political | administration of public affairs, particularly those of a government |
| etiquette | the prescribed code of courteous social behavior |
| shibboleth | any phrase or custom peculiar to a certain class or faction |
| Philosophy | the basic viewpoint of the system of values of an individual or society |
| Politics | administration of public affairs, partially those of a government |
| Amendments to the Older Americans Act | A 1987 federal act that defines elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation, but does not deal with enforcement. |
| Autopsy | A postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or to obtain physiological evidence, as in the case of a suspicious death. |
| Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act | A federal law passed in 1974 requiring physicians to report cases of child abuse and to try to prevent future cases. |
| Controlled Substances Act | The federal law giving authority to the Drug Enforcement Administration to regulate the sale and use of drugs. |
| Coroner | A public official who investigates and holds inquests over those who die from unknown or violent causes; he or she may or may not be a physician, depending upon state law. |
| Drug Enforcement Administration | A branch of the U.S. Department of Justice that regulates the sale and use of drugs. |
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | A federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that oversees drug quality and standardization and must approve drugs before they are released for public use. |
| Forensics | A division of medicine that incorporates law and medicine and involves medical issues or medical proof at trials having to do with malpractice, crimes, and accidents. |
| Medical Examiner | A physician who investigates suspicious or unexplained deaths. |
| National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act | A federal law passed in 1986 that created a no-fault compensation program for citizens injured or killed by vaccines, as an alternative to suing vaccine manufacturers and providers. |
| National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) | A no-fault federal system of compensation for individuals or families of individuals injured by childhood vaccination. |
| Prescribe | To issue a medical prescription for a patient. |
| Unborn Victims of Violence Act | Also called Laci and Conner's Act, a federal law passed in 2004 that provides for the prosecution of anyone who causes injury to or the death of a fetus in utero. |
| Vital Statistics | Numbers collected for the population of live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, divorces, induced terminations of pregnancy, and any change in civil status that occurs during an individual's lifetime. |
| employment-at-will | A concept of employment whereby either the employer or the employee can end the employment can end the employment at any time, for any reason |
| wrongful discharge | a concept established by precedent that says an employer risks litigation if he/she doesn't have just cause for firing an employee |
| just cause | An employer's legal reason for firing an employee |
| public policy | The common law concept of wrongful discharge when an employee has acted for the "common good" |
| discrimination | prejudiced or rejudicial outlook, action, or treatment |
| affirmative action | Programs that use goals and quotas to provide preferential treatment for minority persons determined to have been underutilized in the past |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | Established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the organization that is charged with writing and enforcing compulsory standards for health and safety in the workplace |
| right-to-know laws | state laws that allow employees access to information about toxic or hazardous substances, employer duties, employee rights, and other workplace health and safety issues |
| Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) | An OSHA standard intended to increase health care practitioners' awareness of risks, improve work practices and appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and reduce injuries and illnesses in the workplace |
| General Duty Clause | a section of the Hazard Communication Standard stating that any equipment that may pose a health risk mush be specified as a hazard |
| Chemical Hygiene Plan | The Standard for Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Labs, which clarifies the handling of hazardous chemicals in medical Labs |
| Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogen Standard | OSHA regulation designed to protect health care workers from the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens |
| Medical Waste Tracking Act | federal law that authorizes OSHA to inspect hazardous medical wastes ad to cite offices or unsafe or unhealthy practices regarding these wastes |
| Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) | Also called Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, Federal statute passed in 1988 that established minimum quality standards for all laboratory testing |
| workers' compensation | a form of insurance established by federal and state statutes that provides reimbursement for workers who are injured on the job |
| surety bond | a type of insurance that allows employers, if covered, to collect up to the specified amout of the bond if an employee embezzles or otherwise absconds with business funds |
| vital statistics | Numbers collected for the population of live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, divorces, induced terminations of pregnancy, and any change in civil status that occurs during an individual's lifetime |
| autopsy | A postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or to obtain physiological evidence, as in the case of a suspicious death |
| coroner | A public official who investigates and holds inquests over those who die from unknown or violent causes, he/she may or may not be a physician, depending on state law |
| medical examiner | A physician who investigates suspicious or unexplained deaths |
| forensics | A division of medicine that incoperates law and medicine and involves medical issues or medical proof at trails having to do with malpractice, crimes, and accidents |
| administer | to instill a drug into the body of a patient |
| National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act | a federal law passed in that created a no-fault compensation program for citizens injured or killed by vaccines, as an alternative to suing vaccine manufactures and providers |
| National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) | a no-fault federal system of compensation for individuals injured by childhood vaccination |
| Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act | a federal law passed in 1974 requiring physicians to report cases of child abuse and to try to prevent future cases |
| Amendments to the Older Americans Act | a 1987 federal act that defines elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation, but doesn't deal with enforcement |
| Unborn Victims of Violence Act | also called the Laci and Conner's Act, a 2004 federal law that provides for the prosecution of anyone who causes injury to or the death of a fetus in utero |
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | a federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that overseas drug quality and standardization and must approve drugs before they are released for public use |
| Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) | a branch of the US Department of Justice that regulates the sale and use of drugs |
| Controlled Substances Act | federal law giving authority to the DEA to regulate the sale and use of drugs |
| prescribe | to issue a medical prescription for a patient |
| dispense | to deliver controlled substances in some type of bottle, box, or other container to a patient |
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