World 12.1-3
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Created by:
cheesesmells on March 23, 2011
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Wendi | first emperor of the Sui Dynasty who reunited northern and southern China |
| Sui | Dynasty that lasted through only two emperors. During this dynasty, the Grand Canal was completed and the Great Wall was rebuilt. |
| Huang He, Chang Jiang | The Grand Canal connected these two waterways, providing a vital route for trade between northern and southern China |
| Tang | Dynasty that came after the Sui |
| Tang Taizong | the Tang emperor who began the achievements of the Tang Dynasty. He reconquered the northern and western lands that China had lost since the decline of the Han Dynasty. He gained power by forcing his father to step aside |
| Wu Zhao | Tang empress who was the only woman to assume the title of emperor for herself. She was the ruler during the campaign in Korea |
| Li Shimin | Tang Taizong's original name |
| scholar-officials | an elite group of people who passed the tough civil service exams |
| Battle of Talas | Battle where Muslims armies soundly defeated the Chinese |
| Ch'ang-an | Tang capital city that was sacked by Chinese rebels at the end of the dynasty |
| Taizu | first emperor of the Song Dynasty |
| Song | Dynasty after the Tang that never regained lost western or northern lands. |
| Jurchen | a Manchurian people who conquered northern China and established the Jin Empire |
| Jin | Empire established by the Jurchen, a Manchurian people |
| Hangzhou | a coastal city south of the Chang Jiang that served as the Song capital |
| movable type | an invention that allowed a printer to arrange blocks of individual characters in a frame to make up a page for printing |
| gunpowder | invention that led to the creation of explosive weapons such as bombs, grenades, small rockets, and cannons |
| porcelain, the mechanical clock, paper money, magnetic compass for navigation | four Tang/Song inventions other than movable type and gunpowder |
| negative numbers | mathematical idea that developed during the Tang/Song time |
| fast-ripening rice | This was imported from Vietnam. It allowed farmers to harvest two rice crops a year instead of just one |
| Silk Roads | after China lost control over these routes during the long Tang decline, Chinese merchants began to rely on ocean trade |
| poetry | the Tang period produced great ______ (art form) |
| Li Bo | Tang poet who wrote about life's pleasures |
| Tu Fu | Tang poet who praised orderliness and Confucian virtues; he also wrote critically about war and the hardships of soldiers |
| painting | Chinese _____ reached new heights of beauty during the Song Dynasty. (art form) |
| Daoist | painting of the Song Dynasty shows ____ influence |
| Black | ____ ink was the favored paint of the Song artists |
| gentry | a class of powerful, well-to-do people that included scholar-officials and their families |
| education | the gentry attained their status through ____ and civil service positions rather than through land ownership |
| declined | the status of women ____ during the Tang and Song periods |
| feet binding | this custom was a sign of the changing status of women |
| pastoralists | people who herded domesticated animals |
| yurts | portable felt tents in which Asian nomads lived |
| clans | kinship groups |
| Temujin | Mongol clan leader who sought to unify the Mongols under his leadership (original name) |
| Genghis Khan | title taken by Temujin, meaning "universal ruler" |
| Tatars | a rival people of Temujin who poisoned Temujin's father |
| organization, strategy, cruelty | three characteristics that lay behind Genghis Khan's success as a conqueror |
| illness | Genghis Khan died from ____ |
| Khanate of the Great Khan, Khanate of Chagatai, the Ilkhanate, the Khanate of the Golden Horde | the four khanates |
| Mongolia and China | Location of the Khanate of the Great Khan |
| Central Asia | location of the Khanate of Chagatai |
| Persia | location of the Ilkhanate |
| Russia | location of the Khanate of the Golden Horde |
| Pax Mongolica | Mongol Peace; a period of stability and law and order. This allowed safe passage from one end of the empire to another. |
| Kublai Khan | grandson of Genghis Khan who succeeded in conquering all of China. He became China's emperor. |
| Yuan | Dynasty formed by Kublai Khan in China |
| Shangdu | place on the border between Mongolia and China where Kublai Khan maintained a beautiful summer palace |
| Beijing | Kublai Khan built a new square-walled capital at the site of modern _____. |
| typhoon | a ____ upended Mongol ships as they attempted, for the second time, to conquer Japan |
| kamikaze | "divine wind" that saved Japan from Mongol invasion |
| foreigners | Mongols appointed Mongols and _____ to the highest government posts |
| Beijing | Kublai Khan restored the Grand Canal and extended it north to ____ |
| Hangzhou, Beijing | Kublai built a paved highway along the Grand Canal that ran from ___ to ___ |
| Marco Polo | Venetian trader who visited Kublai Khan's court. He was sent to various Chinese cities on government missions. |
| Genoa | During a war against ____, Marco Polo was captured and imprisoned |
| prison | while in ____, Marco Polo had time to tell the full story of his travels and adventures |
| coal | Marco Polo told his listeners about the burning of ____ in Chinese homes |
| Southeast Asia | Kublai's armies and navies suffered many humiliating defeats in _____ _____ |
| Ming | The rebel leader who overthrew the Mongols founded a new dynasty, the ____ |
| shamanism | Virtually all Mongols observed the practices of traditional ___, rituals in which special individuals visited and influenced the supernatural world. |
| iron | Mongol dependency on settled regions related primarily to ____ for bridles, stirrups, cart fittings, and weapons |
| Khwarezm | an oasis area east of the Caspian Sea |
| Ogodei | Genghis Khan's son and successor who put Tanggut and Jin territories under Mongol control |
| death of Ogodei | Europe would have suffered grave damage in 1241 had not the ___ __ _____ compelled the Mongol forces to suspend their campaign |
| Guyuk | Great Khan after Ogodei; grandson of Genghis, son of Ogodei |
| Jochi | questionable son of Genghis |
| Khan Balik | Muslim name for Beijing |
| Kublai | When ___ declared himself Great Khan in 1265, the descendants of Jagadai and other branches of the family refused to accept him. |
| Ain Jalut | only battle where the Mongol cavalry met its match against the Mamluk forces. |
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