1.
____ hydrogen bonds are required to bond Adenine & Thymine: 2
2.
____ hydrogen bonds are required to bond Cytosine and Guanine: 3
3.
adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine: four nitrogen bases
4.
amino acids: building blocks of proteins
5.
AUG is a _____ codon: start
6.
bonds between amino acids are: peptide bonds
7.
Discovered DNA: James Watson and Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
8.
DNA _____ RNA_____ Proteins: transcription translation
9.
DNA bases contain ____ nucleotide letters: 3
10.
DNA is transcribed in the: nucleus
11.
DNA is transcribed to form: RNA
12.
DNA strands contain _____ nucleotide bases and RNA strands contain _____ nucleotide bases: Adenine and Thymine
Uracil and Guanine
13.
During transcription the template: is a small section
14.
Each bases makes: amino acid or building blocks of proteins
15.
elongation: the second phase of transcription; The protein synthesis step in which a polypeptide increases in length one amino acid at a time
16.
enzyme used to add complimentary bases and repair: polymerase
17.
genes: the DNA segments that carry gentic information
18.
genes are expressed as: proteins
19.
genes are located: on chromosomes
20.
genome: all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
21.
in transcription the synthesis of ____ occurs: mRNA
22.
in translation a nucleotide becomes: amino acid
23.
initiation: the first phase of transcription; RNA polymerase binds to DNA @ the promoter, and unwinds the double helix
24.
mRNA: messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
25.
mRNA is read as triplet or: codons
26.
nucleotide base: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
27.
phenotype: visible traits, your brown hair, blue eyes
28.
polymerase: enzyme that synthesizes a larger molecule to form smaller subunits. (synthesizes DNA and RNA; forms polymer)
29.
process by which a sequence of nucleic acids in RNA is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids: translation
30.
promoter: base sequence in the DNA that signals the start of a gene; A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
31.
purines: Adenine, Guanine
32.
pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
33.
ribosomes are built from: rRNA and structural proteins
34.
ribsomal subunits are made in the ___ and become intact in the ____: nucleus
cytoplasm
35.
RNA is translated in the: cytoplasm
36.
RNA is translated into: polypeptide chains that fold to become proteins
37.
RNA polymerease: synthesizes mRNA using a DNA template
38.
rRNA: ribosomal RNA, an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function
39.
semiconservative replication: One of several enzymes that restore the original base sequence in an altered DNA strand, Replicated molecule of DNA containing one strand from the original template molecule and one newly synthesized strand.
40.
synthesis: the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)
41.
termination: the second phase of transcription; stop of mRNA synthesis (i.e., transcription) at the terminator site
42.
The product of transcription is a: single strand of RNA
43.
There are ____ codons: 64
44.
There are ____ codons that specify amino acids: 61
45.
There are ____ stop codons: 3
46.
transcription: the act of making a record; to make a copy, (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
47.
translation: The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids.
48.
translation has ______ stages: 3
49.
translation stage 1 is: initiation
50.
translation stage 2 is: elongation
51.
translation stage 3 is: termination
52.
tRNA: RNA that translates the three-letter codons of mRNA to amino acids; carries amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled together
53.
what binds the promoter: RNA polymerase
54.
what signals the start of a gene: a promoter
55.
When does base pairing occur in DNA: during replication
56.
When does base pairing occur in RNA: during transcription
57.
Which comes first? trascription or translation: transcription
58.
Which RNA is the first produced: mRNA
