4 Written Questions

1. carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen; includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, & uracil
2. process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of DNA
3. any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures
4. shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases

4 Multiple Choice Questions

1. mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base
   1. transcription
   2. translation
   3. chromosomal mutation
   4. frameshift mutation
2. mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis; caused when parts of chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly
   1. translation
   2. chromosomal mutation
   3. frameshift mutation
   4. ribosomal RNA
3. RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins
   1. transfer RNA
   2. transcription
   3. translation
   4. ribosomal RNA
4. process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis
   1. transcription
   2. double helix
   3. DNA replication
   4. translation

4 True/False Questions

1. codon → set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein

   True        False

2. translation → process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of DNA

   True        False

3. ribosomal RNA → RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order

   True        False

4. types of chromosome mutations → 1. deletions (ABCDEFG ---> ABCD)
   2. insertions
   3. missense (change letter ---> moon to goon)
   4. inversion (ABCDEF ---> ABCFED)
   5. duplication (ABCDEFG ---> ABCDEFDEFG)
   6. translocation (2 chromosomes combined)

   True        False