| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Bacteriophage | Virus that infects bacteria |
| DNA replication | Process of making a copy of DNA |
| Virulent | Referring to the deadliness of a disease-causing agent |
| Transformation | Transfer of genetic material from one organism to another |
| Deoxyribose | Five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
| Double Helix | Spiral-staircase structure characteristic of the DNA molecule |
| Transcription | Type of RNA molecule that plays a structural role in ribosomes |
| Point Mutation | Mutation in which one or just a few nucleotides in a gene are changed |
| DNA helicase | Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases during replication |
| DNA polymerse | Enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA by adding complementary nucleotides |
| Translation | Stage of gene expression in which the information in mRNA is sed to make a protein |
| Messenger RNA | RNA copy of a gene used as a blueprint for making of a protein during translation |
| Anticodon | Three nucleotide sequence of tRNA that recognizes a complementary codon on mRNA |
| Nucleotide | Subunit of nucleic acid consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar and a phosphate group |
| Replication Fork | Y shaped point that results when a double helix of DNA seperates so that it can be copied |
| Codon | Three-nucleotide sequence in DNA or mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a stop signal |
| Vaccine | Substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity |
| Transcription | Stage of protein synthesis in which the information in DNA for making a protein in transferred to an RNA molecule |
| Complementary | Characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases of the other |
| Base-pairing rules | Rule stating that in DNA, adenine on one strand always pairs with thymine on the opposite strand and guanine on one strand always pairs with a cytosine on the opposite strand |
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