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news information about evens that are recent, unusual, and important. Mass media means of broadly distributing information or entertainment, including newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and the internet news media the means of transmitting news to broad populations, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet yellow journalism news coverage that emphasizes sex, crime, and scandal over substantive public policy Muckrakers journalist who expose misconduct in government and business network a broadcast organization that simultaneously supplies radio or television programs to stations in different cities newspaper chain a business owning multiple newspapers media conglomerate a large corporation that owns a variety of media outlets agenda setting influencing the range of issues up for public deliberation priming the process by which the media emphasize some issues over others, thereby affecting the standards by which people make political judgments framing the way in which the media define an issue by emphasizing or deemphasizing certain aspects of that issue horse race journalism reporting that emphasizes the candidates' chances of election instead of their policies editorial an unsigned article expressing a view of publishers or editors Watchdog role the news media's part in exposing corruption and official misconduct Beat a specific issue , institution, geographic region in which a journalist may specialize Federal Communications Commission the federal agency that regulates the electronic media media market the geographic area that receives broadcasts from a set of stations Equal time rule the federal requirement that broadcasters who sold or gave airtime to one candidate must give the same chance for all other candidates for the same office fairness doctrine the 1949 FCC ruling that licensees were "public trustees," who must provide a forum for diverse views. In 1987, the FCC scrapped the doctrine, allowing for more opinionated programming embedded journalist a reporter who stays with a single military unit for a long period. wire service an organization that provides news stories to subscribers, including newspapers and broadcasters spin the effort by newsmakers to influence news coverage in a particular direction news conference (press conference) a session which a public figure answers questions from a number of journalist news release a statement from of a news story, complete with a catchy lead paragraph, along with quotations and supporting facts talking points short bulleted lists containing suggested phrases and background material that an organization supplies to its supporter to prepare them for talking with reporters and the public leaking the practice by which political figures privately supply information to the press, usually with the agreement that their names will not appear, trial balloon proposals that newsmakers disclose to gauge the public's reaction opposition researcher a campaign operative who specializes in finding information about the other side's candidate Civil journalism a movement urging journalist to shift their focus from increasing circulation or audience share to fostering public discussion of community issues ombudsman a journalist who checks problems with accuracy, fairness, and taste in his or her own news organization's coverage, ofter publishing columns recommending remedies or responses