3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.3, 5.1 Vocab
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell cycle | Regulated biochemical steps that cells go through involving DNA replication and cell division; the life cycle of a cell. |
| Interphase | The period between cell divisions, when growth and preparation for the next cell division occurs. The longest part of the cell cycle. |
| Prophase | The first stage of mitosis, when DNA condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane disappears. |
| Metaphase | The second stage of mitosis, when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. |
| Anaphase | The third stage of mitosis, when spindle fibers pull the chromatids apart to the opposite ends of the parent cell. |
| Telophase | The final stage in mitosis, when new nuclear membranes form around the two groups of chromosomes in the parent cell; followed by cytokinesis. |
| Mitosis | The division of the cell nucleus into two nuclei. |
| Chromosome | A tightly coiled package of DNA around a protein. |
| Asexual reproduction | The creation of a new organism from one parent without the fusion of gametes. |
| Budding | Asexual reproduction of some organisms, when the new organism is growing off the side of the parent organism. Eventually the two separate, forming a new organism. |
| Regeneration | Regrowth of lost tissue or organs through asexual reproduction of cells. |
| Sexual reproduction | The creation of a new organism from two parents with the fusion of gametes. |
| Sperm | Reproductive cell from the male parent, produced in the testes; it is a haploid cell. |
| Egg | Reproductive cell from the female parent, produced in the ovaries; it is a haploid cell. |
| Meiosis | Special division of the cell nucleus to create sex cells. |
| Fertilization | The fusion of egg and sperm. |
| Zygote | The cell that forms in fertilization; it is a diploid cell. |
| Haploid cell | A cell with half the normal number of chromosomes |
| Diploid cell | A cell with the normal number of chromosomes. |
| DNA | A double stranded nucleic acid that contains all the necessary information for a cell to function. It is shaped like a double helix. |
| Nitrogen base | The building blocks for nucleic acids; there are five types: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. |
| Gene | A segment of DNA that carries the information necessary to make a molecule, usually a protein. |
| RNA | A single stranded nucleic acid that is used to synthesize proteins. |
| Mutation | A permanent change in the genetic sequence of a cell. |
| Transcription | The process where RNA is synthesized from the information contained in DNA. |
| Translation | The process where the genetic information coded into RNA directs the formation of a specific protein. |
| Chromosome | A tightly coiled package of DNA around a protein. |
| Homologous chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes that carry similar or identical information. |
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