1.
Alfred the Great-: he built fortresses so the Vikings couldn't steal their goods. He could counteract the strength. He conquered the Viking army. King of England, eventually the Viking raids will cease to be a problem.
2.
Bede: he is a Benedictine monk, wrote a book of the England government from Julius Caesar until when he was ruler. Massed a collection of nearly 200 books, one of the most extensive libraries, most educated man in England in dark ages.
3.
Describe medieval knights.: They were thugs who wanted to beat people; kings would release them on the peasants to force them to worship the lord of the palace. They were trained killers. Had to make a rule to prohibit them from killing children.
4.
How did Clovis increase the size of his army?: He would conquer a village and he made the men join his army.
5.
How was Alaric able to defeat Rome?: He fought on the empires behalf, used what he knew about Roman Empire. He surrounded the city and prevented shipments of food so the people in the city would starve to death.
6.
Peace of God: proclaimed that certain people who could not defend themselves should not be attacked.
7.
Truce of God: certain periods of time should not have warfare.
8.
What happened to Justinian's dream of a reunited Roman Empire?: They couldn't sustain this large of an empire.
9.
What other factors contributed to the fall of Rome?: A series of bad emperors, civil wars, diseases, problems in the army, lack of patriotism
10.
What problems were caused by the decline of cities?: No running water, no proper sewage system, disease due to unsanitary conditions, population decreases, people had to live in shacks, civilization took a step back.
11.
What toll did the plague take on Justinian?: He didn't have as much energy, he was sick the rest of his life, increasingly paranoid, never sleeping, tyrannical.
12.
What was Justinian's main goal?: He wanted to reunite the lands originally ruled by Rome.
13.
What was the "ordeal?": A cauldron of boiling water and the person had to stick their hand in the water to get the pebble, heals well- innocent, does not heal- guilty. The ordeal by water is if you: - float-guilty, sink- innocent. A physical test, most would not heal, infection was frequent. They believed that God was behind it, shows that civilization took a step back.
14.
What was the effect of the plague on the Byzantine Empire?: It wiped out half the population, the economy declines because of little population, also a psychological affect.
15.
What was the source of the Bubonic Plague/Black death?: 25-50% of population was killed. It was a mystery but arrived in cargo ship, form fleas on rats.
16.
What were the accomplishments of Charlemagne?: He was the greatest king of the Dark Ages, most powerful man in Europe, one of the most illuminating figures of the Dark Ages, he gave birth to education and revived the empire, he had a large empire, he wants to pull Europe out of the Trenches, he built schools so that children of all levels could have education. Education and Christianity, Emperor of the West, title given on 800.
17.
What were the realities of daily life and death in the Dark Ages?: Trade and industry sank, roads destroyed, communication was difficult, didn't know what threats were coming, not a sufficient population, couldn't make life better for themselves. Misery was very popular nasty, brutish and short. They worked from dawn till dusk.50% of children died before the age of 13, 25% of infants died. They would experience the loss of one or both parents.
18.
What were the results of the Crusades?: They were vengeance on behalf of Jesus. They came away with no permanent conquest but with knowledge, the turned the corner of the dark ages, everything was brought back. They spawned a rebirth of trade.
19.
Who attacked Rome in 410 AD?: The Visigoths
20.
Who led the Christian forces at the Battle of Tours?: Charles "the Hammer" Martel
21.
Why did Justinian build Haiga Sophia?: Greatest symbol of Christianity, meant to persuade people that he should be thought of in biblical terms; to show his power and wealth.
22.
Why did people join monasteries and convents?: Came from wealthy families, not used to doing service, A refuge from a chaos or forced by families- so God was on their side.
23.
Why did the Vikings invade Europe?: They took the wealth from England and hunt for new land.
24.
Why was Christianity so important to people in the Middle Ages?: Offered some sort of hope for eternal peace for followers, became very attractive.
25.
Why was life in the early Middle Ages so chaotic?: Political instability and frequent wars.
26.
Why was the Battle of Tours significant?: It was the savior for Christianity. While countries were being conquered he defeated the Muslims. The Muslim's advance is stopped.
27.
Why was the conversion of Clovis a significant event: It's seen as the beginning of France uniting, he united his people, Clovis had the power of the Church on his side, made him stronger.
28.
Why was this significant?: Rome has never been conquered until that in 800 years, showed that Rome was not invincible.
29.
Why were monasteries important in the Middle Ages?: They were a source of light and hope. Centers of commerce, political authority, where everything happens.
