| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Geocentric Model | Earth is at center of solar system |
| Heliocentric Model | Sun is at center of solar system |
| Copernicus | Astronomer who proposed heliocentric model |
| Ptolemy | Astronomer who proposed the geocentric model |
| Kepler | Had three laws of planetary motion |
| Kepler's first law of planetary motion | The orbit of planets is an ellipse |
| Kepler's second law of planetary motion | If you increase the distance from the sun, the planet moves slower. |
| Kepler's third law of planetary motion | If you increase the distance from the sun, it will increase the time to move around the sun. |
| Newton's 1st Law of Motion | If an object is moving at a constant speed, then it will continue to move at constant speed unless acted upon by an outside force. |
| Newton's 2nd Law of Motion | Acceleration = F/M |
| Newton's 3rd Law of Motion | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| If the masses of two objects increase, then the force of gravity between the two objects will | increase |
| Acceleration | A change in velocity of an object |
| Three ways to change velocity | Speed up, slow down, change direction |
| If the force with which you push an object increases, then the acceleration of that object will | increase |
| If the mass of an object increases and the force on that object remains the same, then the acceleration of that object will | decrease |
| Mass | Amount of matter in an object |
| Weight | The force of gravity on an object |
| Acceleration Equation | A = F/M |
| Would you weigh more or less on a planet with a larger mass? | more because the planet has a larger gravitational pull on you than earth |
| Would you weigh more or less on a planet with a smaller mass? | less because the planet has a smaller gravitational pull on you than earth |
| Planets that weigh more | Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune |
| Planets that weigh less | Mercury, Venus, Mars, Uranus |
| Shape of a planet's orbit | ellipse |
| Focus | Where the sun is located |
| Foci | Plural form of focus |
| How many foci are there in an ellipse? | 2 |
| Perihelion | When a planet is closest to the sun in its orbit. The planet has its maximum KE and minimum PE |
| Aphelion | When a planet is furthest from the sun in its orbit. The planet has its maximum PE and its minimum KE |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy |
| As a planet moves closer to the sun in its orbit, the PE of the planet ____ and the KE of the planet______. | decreases, increases |
| As a planet moves further away from the sun in its orbit, the PE of the planet _____ and the KE of the planet ________. | increases, decreases |
| Planet with the slowest speed | Neptune |
| Neptune has the slowest speed because | it has the weakest gravitational attraction between the sun and planet. |
| Planet with the fastest speed | Mercury |
| Mercury has the fastest speed because | it has the strongest gravitational attraction between the sun and the planet |
| Four inner planets | Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth |
| Four outer planets | Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune |
| Difference between inner and outer planets | The inner planets are small, solid, and have no rings. The outer planets are large, gaseous, and have rings |
| Location of asteroid belt | Between Mars and Jupiter |
| Location of Kuiper Belt | Outside Neptune's orbit |
| Name a planet that is considered a dwarf planet | Pluto |
| Meteoroid | Rock or fragment traveling in space |
| Meteor | Meteoroids pass through atmosphere |
| Meteorite | Meteoroid reaches Earth's surface |
| Difference between meteoroid, meteor, and meteorite | The location of the object |
| Crater | Large hole at the Earth's surface created by a meteorite or asteroid |
| Kuiper Belt | Comet or ecliptic plane |
| Oort Cloud | Further long period comets |
| Example of Potential Energy | Batteries |
| Example of Kinetic Energy | Person running |
| If the two objects move further apart, what happens to the force of gravity between the two objects? | Decreases |
| If the force with which you push an object decreases, then the acceleration of that object will__________________ | Decrease |
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