PSYCOLOGY OF GRIEF / SOCIOLOGY

Terms	Definitions
ACUTE GRIEF	the intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant.
ADAPTATION	the individual's ability to adjust to psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other.
AFFECT	feelings and their expression.
AFTERCARE	(also known as post-funeral counseling or post-need counseling) — those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral.
AGGRESSION	the intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another. A.LD.S. — Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
ALARM	fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger created by the impact of shock.
AUENATION	the state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable.
ALTERNATIVES	providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make
ANGER	blame directed toward another person.
ANOMIC GRIEF	term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience; typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead.
ANXIETY	A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition (hunch) that something undesirable is going to happen.
AT-NEED OUNSEUNG	a death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice.
ATTACHMENT THEORY	Bowiby describes it as the tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety; attachment occurs in the absence of the reinforcement of drives for food and sex and provides a way to understand the strong emotional reaction that occurs when these bonds are threatened or broken.
BEREAVEMENT	the experience of the emotion of grief. The event of a loss.
CEREMONY	a formal or symbolic act or observance.
CLIENT-CENTERED COUNSELING (also known as non-directive, Rogerian Isince It was defined by Dr. Rogers] or person-centered counseling)	A phrase coined by Carl Rogers to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help with a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for their growth and health.
COMMUNICATION	a general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and acts between two or more people, including both verbal (such as singing) and non-verbal (such as a facial expression like frowning) aspects of this interchange.
COMPLICATED GRIEF	see Abnormal grief.
COUNSELEE	the individual seeking assistance or guidance from a counselor.
COUNSELING	giving advice and guidance to another person. A counselor helps the client adjust to a life issue, problem, or situation (i.e. work, family, school issues). The counselor may work with individuals, families, or groups.
COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY	the psychologist works with people who have problems that are not extreme or severe.
COUNSELOR	the individual providing assistance or guidance (the person providing the counseling) is called the counselor.
CRISIS	a highly emotional temporary state in which an individual's feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his or her ability to act.
CRISIS COUNSEUNG	interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner; intentional responses which help individuals in a crisis situation.
DEATH ANXIETY	a learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension (worry/fear).
DENIAL	the defense mechanism by which a person refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the ego (him or herself). Denial is also defined as a defense mechanism, closely related to repression, in which the individual simply denies (refuses to admit) the existence of the events that have aroused anxiety in them.
DIRECTIVE COUNSEUNG	counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc.
DISPLACED AGGRESSION	a defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than the one who provided the anger originally (i.e. a bereaved wife is angry with her husband for dying, and takes out her anger on the helpful funeral director).
DYAD	two units regarded as a pair; for example a husband and wife.
EMOTION(S)	feelings such as happiness, anger, or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes.
EMPATHY	the ability to enter into and share the feelings of others; a counselor's capacity to understand the subjective world of the client and communicate this deep understanding to the client.
EUTHANASIA	an action [active euthanasia] or non-action [passive euthanasia] intended to kill a patient, in a non-violent manner, to relieve their suffering due to their terminal illness.
FACILITATE	to assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary.
FEAR	a strong emotion marked by such reaction as alarm, dread, and disquieting.
FOCUSING	centering a client's thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem, and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem.
FRUSTRATION	the state (mental condition) of a person resulting from being prevented from attaining a purpose (wanted goal). A frustrated person is thwarted or blocked in attaining their goal by some kind of obstacle.
FUNERAL (also known as a funeral rite or service)	an organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time-limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity, and respect of the deceased.
GENUINENESS	the ability to present one's self sincerely (honestly; truthfully). GOALS - objectives or adjustments to be achieved.
GRIEF	an emotion or set of emotions due to a loss that is involved in the work of mourning. The emotional response to loss.
GRIEFWORK	a process occurring with loss aimed at loosening the attachment to the dead for re-investment in the living.
GUIDANCE	support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems.
GUILT	blame directed toward one's self based on real or unreal conditions. HOMICIDE - the killing of one human being by another.
ILLUSTRATING	detailed examples of adjustments, choices or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from which a course of action may be selected.
INFORMATIONAL COUNSELING	counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee.
MITIGATION	any event, person, or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief.
MOURNING	an adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time after a loss. When a loss or death has occurred, mourning helps in the reorganization of the life of the bereaved.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION	that which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, or physical behavior; that is, any communication by any means except verbally (for example, crossed arms or frowning).
OPTION	choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the client or
PANIC	a strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear.
PARAPHRASING	expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes shortened form.
PSYCHOTHERAPY	Jackson defines it as therapy with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. The practitioners in this field need special training, for they often work with deeper levels of consciousness.
RAPPORT	a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity established in any human interaction.
REGRESSION	a defense mechanism used to return or revert back to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping. For example, an adult having a "temper tantrum."
RESISTANCE	an adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy, or self-esteem.
RESPECT	Wolfelt defines it as the ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions.
SHAME	the assumption of blame directed toward one's self by others.
SHOCK	the reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden,
SITUATIONAL COUNSELING	counseling related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. This type of counseling adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises.
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (also known as S.I.D.S. or CrIb Death)	the medical term for the sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and review of the circumstances around the death.
SUICIDAL GESTURE	an unsuccessful attempt made by a person to end their own life.
SUICIDAL IDEATION	thoughts of ending one's life.
SUICIDE	a deliberate act of self destruction.
SUMMARY	a brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session or at the close of the session.
SUPPRESSION	a conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns.
SURVIVOR GUILT	guilt (blame or responsibility) felt by survivors. For example, survivor guilt is often seen in soldiers who survive an attack in which most of their friends were killed.
SYMPATHY	sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss (including non-death loss) or the death of a close friend or relative.
THANATOLOGY	the study of death, especially the medical, chemical, emotional and final problems associated with dying; the study of death, dying, loss, and grief.
THANATOPHOBIA	an irrational, exaggerated fear of death.
THREAT	a statement or action designed or perceIved to create anxiety in an individual's life.
AFFECT	feelings and their expression.
ANXIETY	A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition (hunch) that something undesirable is going to happen.
COUNSELEE	the individual seeking assistance or guidance from a counselor.
COUNSELOR	the individual providing assistance or guidance (the person providing the counseling) is called the counselor.
DENIAL	the defense mechanism by which a person refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the ego (him or herself). Denial is also defined as a defense mechanism, closely related to repression, in which the individual simply denies (refuses to admit) the existence of the events that have aroused anxiety in them.
DISPLACED AGGRESSION	a defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than the one who provided the anger originally (i.e. a bereaved wife is angry with her husband for dying, and takes out her anger on the helpful funeral director).
DYAD	two units regarded as a pair; for example a husband and wife.
EMOTION(S)	feelings such as happiness, anger, or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes.
EMPATHY	the ability to enter into and share the feelings of others; a counselor's capacity to understand the subjective world of the client and communicate this deep understanding to the client.
FEAR	a strong emotion marked by such reaction as alarm, dread, and disquieting.
FRUSTRATION	the state (mental condition) of a person resulting from being prevented from attaining a purpose (wanted goal). A frustrated person is thwarted or blocked in attaining their goal by some kind of obstacle.
GENUINENESS	the ability to present one's self sincerely (honestly; truthfully). GOALS - objectives or adjustments to be achieved.
GUIDANCE	support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems.
RAPPORT	a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity established in any human interaction.
REGRESSION	a defense mechanism used to return or revert back to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping. For example, an adult having a "temper tantrum."
RESISTANCE	an adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy, or selfesteem.
SUPPRESSION	a conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns.
SYMPATHY	sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss (including non-death loss) or the death of a close friend or relative.
THREAT	a statement or action designed or perceived to create anxiety in an individual life.
UNCONSCIOUS	that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware

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PSYCOLOGY OF GRIEF / SOCIOLOGY

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