| Term | Definition |
|---|
| photomorphogenesis | Effects of light on plant morphology |
| action spectrum | A graph that measures the effectiveness of wavelengths in doing something (ex: photosynthesis) |
| blue-light photoreceptor | A class of light receptors in plants. Blue light initiates a variety of responses, such as phototropism and slowing of hypocotyl elongation. |
| phytochrome | A photoreceptor that absorbs red light |
| cryptochrome | A blue-light photoreceptor that stops hypocotyl elogation |
| phototropin | A blue-light photoreceptor that mediates phototropism |
| zeaxanthin | A carotenoid based photoreceptor that causes stomata to open or close |
| circadian rhythm | A physiological cycle of about 24 hours that is present in all eukaryotic organisms and that persists even in the absence of external cues. |
| photoperiodism | A physiological response to photoperiod, the relative lengths of night and day. |
| short-day plant | A plant that flowers (usually in late summer, fall, or winter) only when the light period is shorter than a critical length. |
| long-day plant | A plant that flowers (usually in late spring or early summer) only when the light period is longer than a critical length. |
| day-neutral plant | A plant whose flowering is not affected by photoperiod. |
| vernalization | The use of cold treatment to induce a plant to flower. |
| florigen | A flowering signal, not yet chemically identified, that may be a hormone or may be a change in relative concentrations of multiple hormones.f |
| gravitropism | A response of a plant or animal to gravity. |
| Statolith | a specialized plastid that contains dense starch grains and may play a role in detecting gravity. |
| thigmomorphogenesis | A response in plants to chronic mechanical stimulation, resulting from increased ethylene production. An example is thickening stems in response to strong winds. |
| thigmotropism | A directional growth of a plant in response to touch. |
| heat-shock protein | A protein that helps protect other proteins during heat stress. |
| jasmonic acid | An important molecule in plant defense against herbivores. |
| virulent | Pathogens against which a plant has little specific defense |
| avirulent | A pathogen that doesn't hurt its host too much |
| gene-for-gene recognition | A widespread form of plant disease resistance involving recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by the protein products of specific plant disease resistance genes. |
| elicitor | A molecule that induces a broad type of host defense response. |
| oligosaccharin | A type of elicitor that is derived from cellulose fragments released by cell wall damage |
| phytoalexin | An antibiotic, produced by plants, that destroys microorganisms or inhibits their growth |
| pathogenesis-related protein | A protein involved in plant responses to pathogens |
| hypersensitive response | A plant’s localized defense response to a pathogen. |
| system acquired response | A defensive response in infected plants that helps protect healthy tissue from pathogenic invasion. |
| salicylic acid | A plant hormone that may be partially responsible for activating systemic acquired resistance to pathogens. |
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