5 Written Questions

1. Chromosomes arranged by pairs according to their size, shape, and general appearance in mitotic metaphase.
2. Movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another, nonhomologous chromosome, leading to abnormalities.
3. Change in chromosome structure in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180°.
4. Change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once.
5. One less chromosome than usual.

5 Matching Questions

1. color blindness
2. X-linked
3. Syndrome
4. Fragile X syndrome
5. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

1. a Chronic progressive disease affecting the shoulder and pelvic girdles, commencing in early childhood; transmitted as an X-linked trait, and affected individuals, predominantly males, rarely survive to maturity.
2. b Allele that is located on an X chromosome but may control a trait that has nothing to do with the sex characteristics of an individual.
3. c Deficiency in one or more of the three kinds of cones responsible for color vision.
4. d Genetic disease that results in a constellation of abnormalities due to a trinucleotide repeat expansion.
5. e Group of symptoms that appear together and tend to indicate the presence of a particular disorder.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi cells is removed for diagnostic purposes.
   1. chromosomal mutation
   2. chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
   3. color blindness
   4. Fragile X syndrome
2. One more chromosome than usual.
   1. Barr body
   2. Autosome
   3. Trisomy
   4. Monosomy
3. Any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes.
   1. Trisomy
   2. Monosomy
   3. Syndrome
   4. Autosome
4. Variation in regard to the normal number of chromosomes inherited or in regard to the normal sequence of alleles on a chromosome.
   1. Translocation
   2. Duplication
   3. Nondisjunction
   4. chromosomal mutation
5. Procedure for removing amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus in order to test the fluid or cells within the fluid.
   1. Amniocentesis
   2. Inversion
   3. Autosome
   4. Monosomy

5 True/False Questions

1. linkage group → Change in chromosome structure in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180°.

   True        False

2. Nondisjunction → Failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meiosis I and meiosis II, respectively.

   True        False

3. sex chromosome → Chromosome that determines the sex of an individual; in humans, females have two X chromosomes, and males have an X and a Y chromosome.

   True        False

4. Hemophilia → X-linked, recessive genetic disease in which one or more clotting factors are missing.

   True        False

5. Carrier → Dark-staining body in the nuclei of female mammals that contains a condensed, inactive X chromosome.

   True        False