Chapter 9 Physiology and Histology of the Skin
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Talay07132009 on March 27, 2011
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Subcutis Tissue | Subcutaneous tissue located beneath the dermis. |
| Dermal Papillae | Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis. |
| Ceramides | Lipid materials that are a natural part of the intercelluar cement. |
| Stratum Germinativum | First layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; also known as the basal layer. |
| Follicles | Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube like depressions in the epidermis. |
| Fibroblasts | Cells that produce amino acids and collagen. |
| Sebaceous Glands | They are connected to the hair follicles in the reticular layer; these produce sebum, which produce sebum. which protects the surface of the skin. |
| Stratum Lucidum | Clear layer of Epidermis under the stratum corneum; found only on the palms of hands and soles of feet. |
| Barrier function | The protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercelluar cement protect the surface from irritation and dehydration. |
| Melanocytes | Cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer. |
| Lipids | Fats or fatlike substances. Lipids help repair and protect the barrier function of the skin. |
| Hair papillae | Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicles that fit into the bulb. The papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment. |
| Stratum Granulosum | Layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replace cells shed from the stratum corneum. |
| Transepidermal Water Loss | (TEWL) Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface. |
| Lymph Vessels | Located in the dermis, these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste. |
| Keratinocytes | Cells composed of keratin. |
| Keratin | Fiber protein found in skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection to the skin. |
| Intercelluar cement | Lipid substances between coreum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation. |
| Collagen | Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness. Topically, a large, long-chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows or other sources. |
| UVB rays | Shorter, burning rays that are stronger than UVA rays. |
| UVA rays | Longer, aging rays that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB rays. |
| Sudoriferous or Sweat Glands | Excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. |
| Telangiectasia | Describes capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger; or distended blood vessels. Commonly called couperose skin. |
| Elastin | Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness. |
| Eccrine Glands | Sweat glands found all over the body; not attached to hair follicles, do not produce an offensive odor. |
| Desmosomes | The structures that assist in holding the cells together. |
| Stratum Spinosum | Spiny layer of epidermis above the basal layer. |
| Acid Mantle | Protective lipids and secretions on top of the skin. |
| Integumentary System | The skin and its extensions, such as the hair, nails, and glands. |
| Hormones | Secretions produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream or body fluid to another part of the body or a body organ to stimulate functional activity or secretion; the internal messengers for most of the body's systems. |
| Cell mitosis | Cell division; occurs continuously in the basal cell layer. |
| Stratum Corneum | Outermost layer of the epidermis, also called the horny layer. |
| Dermis | Live layer of connective tissue below the epidermis. |
| Arrector pili muscle | The muscle that contracts and causes " goose bumps" when we are cold. |
| Epidermis | The outermost layer of skin; a thin, protective layer with many nerve endings. |
| Free radicals | Oxygen atoms of molecules with paired electrons that cause oxidation. They steal electrons from other molecules, which damages the other molecules. |
| Histology | Study of the structure and composition of tissue. |
| Hyaluronic acid | Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties. |
| Physiology | Study of the functions or activities performed by the body's structures. |
| Pores | A tube like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis. |
| Melanin | Skin pigment; a defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun. |
| Apocrine Glands | Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas. |
| Adipose (fat) tissue | A protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body. |
| Subcutaneous Layer | Subcutaneous adipose tissue is located beneath the dermis. |
| Papillary Layer | The top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis. |
| Reticular layer | The deeper layer of the dermis, containing proteins that give the skin its strength and elasticity. |
| Sebum | Provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair. |
| Onyx | The technical name for the nail. |
| Motor nerve fibers | Stimulate muscles. |
| Sensory nerve fibers | Send messages to the brain to react to heat, cold, pain, pressure, and touch. |
| Secretory nerve fibers | They regulate excretion from sweat glands and control sebum output to the surface of the skin. |
| An esthetician's primary focus | is on preserving, protecting, and nourishing the skin. |
| Six primary functions of the skin | Protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion and absorption. |
| What does the skin absorb and discharges? | Absorbs oxygen, discharges carbon dioxide. |
| Heavy or excessive intake of alcohol dilates the? | Blood vessels and capillaries |
| What has the greatest impact on how skin ages? | The sun and its ultraviolet rays |
| Estrogen | The hormone that is key to the good health and appearance of the skin. |
| Rosacea | is a chronic disorder characterized by couperose veins and congestion of the skin. |
| What can hormone replacement therapies become derived from? | Animal source estrogens or plant source estrogens. |
| The skin's most amazing ability is to? | Heal itself. |
| Identify 4 amazing skin characteristics | Slightly moist, soft, smooth and somewhat acidic. |
| Red and Inflamed skin are signs of | Free radical damage |
| The impact of poor lifestyle choices can be seen most visibly | on the skin. |
| Absorption occurs through which part of the skin? | Cells, follicles and pores. |
| What do appendages include? | Hair, nail and sebaceous (oil) glands. |
| T cells | The immune cells that protect us from infection. |
| Plants that provide phytoestrogens include: | Mexican wild yam, sage, hops, soy, Saint-John's wort, licorice root, and butcher's broom. |
| The average turnover rate is | 28 days |
| Squamous cells | Flat cells |
| What happens when estrogen is depleted? | Skin begins to lose its tone. |
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