World History 8-ch.11
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Created by:
histrategies on March 28, 2011
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HIES 8th 2011, 9th GRADE!! HAPPY STUDYING!!, HIES Study Help, Hies Exam Help, Thornton- 8th Grade History
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Benjamin Disraeli | a leading political figure during the Industrial Revolution. In the 1800s he worked to bridge Britain's (TWO NATIONS) the rich and poor together and extend democratic rights. Made the Tories into the modern Conservative party. |
| William Gladstone | led the Whigs which became the Liberal party. Fought for political reforms. Worked to give farmworkers and most other men voting rights. |
| Queen Victoria | She was the great symbol in British life with the longest reign in history. Set the tone for the Victorian Age: duty, thrift, honesty, hard work and responsibility. Married Prince Albert and raised a large family. |
| Emmeline Pankhurst | a British woman who fought for women's rights to vote in early 1900s. She believed you had to be aggressive: smash windows, burn buildings, interrupt Parliament,to be heard. |
| Daniel O'Connell | Irish Nationalist who fought for freedom and justice in 1800s. He was nicknamed "The Liberator". Started the Irish Catholic League. |
| Charles Stewart Parnell | ...a moderate Irish Nationalist who pushed for home rule (local self government) |
| Napoleon III | ...nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. Rose to power and set up the Second Empire. Bourgeoisie saw him as a strong leader who would restore order, end poverty, give hope. |
| Ferdinand de Lesseps | ...a French entrepreneur who organized the building of the Suez Canal in Egypt to link the Mediterranean with the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. (helped promote economic growth) |
| Georges Boulanger | ...a popular French minister of war who rallied royalists and ultranationalists eager for revenge on Germany. He was accused of plotting to overthrow the republic and fled to Belgium. |
| Alfred Dreyfus | ...a high-ranking Jewish army officer accused of spying for Germany. At his trial, wasn't allowed to see evidence against him - (Anti-Semitism) and he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. |
| Theodor Herzl | ...a Hungarian Jewish journalist living in France who called for Jews to form their own separate state where they'd have rights denied to them in other European countries. He started Zionism. |
| William Lloyd Garrison | ...an abolitionist who owned a newspaper "the Liberator" and used it to stress the importance of the antislavery cause |
| Frederick Douglass | ...a former slave who escaped and spoke in the North about the evils of slavery |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | ...wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin" a novel that helped convince many northerners that slavery was a great social evil |
| Lucretia Mott | ...traveled to London for the World Antislavery Convention but was forbidden to speak because she was a woman. later organized the first women's rights convention. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | ...Worked with Lucretia Mott to get rights for women |
| Andrew Carnegie | ...from Scotland. Built the U.S.'s largest steel company. |
| John D. Rockefeller | ...built Standard Oil Company which dominated the world's petroleum industry. |
| Reform Act of 1832 (People Charter) | Whigs & Tories battling to reform Parliament - In 1832 this was passed and it redistributed seats in the House of Commons giving representation to large towns and cities, eliminating rotten boroughs. Also enlarged the electorate (# of people allowed to vote). Still..you had to be a property owner. |
| Chartists | drew up the People's Charter. It demanded universal male suffrage, annual parliamentary elections, and salaries for Parliament members. Also demanded the secret ballot. |
| Conservative Party | ...the Tories were formed into the Conservative Party by Disraeli. Pushed the Reform Bill of 1867 giving the vote to many workingclass men. |
| Liberal Party | ...Reforms of the Liberal party gave the vote to farmworkers and most other men. |
| Corn Laws | ...British tariffs on imported grain. Farmers supported the Corn Laws because they kept the price of British grain high. |
| Irish Catholic League | ...organized by Daniel O'Connell, held mass meetings to demand repeal of unfair laws. They wanted to get Ireland for the Irish. |
| Catholic Emancipation Act | ...Under pressure from Daniel O'Connell, Britain slowly improved conditions in Ireland and Parliament passed this which allowed Irish Catholics to vote & hold political office. |
| The Great Hunger | ...A famine in Ireland in 1845 caused by a disease that destroyed the potato crop. British landowners continued to send the healthy crops out. In 4 years a million Irish died of starvation. |
| Fenian Brotherhood | ...made up of Irish militants whose goal was to liberate Ireland from British rule by force. |
| The Second Empire | ...the Empire that Napoleon III set up after the 1848 Revolution. He promised to end poverty and gave hope to the lower classes. But, he ruled like a dictator and elections were set up so his supporters would win. Debate was limited and newspapers were censored. |
| The Third Republic | ...after Napoleon III's capture, republicans in Paris set up a provisional government that turned into the Third Republic. |
| Paris Commune | ...after an uprising in 1871 revels set up the Paris Commune with a goal to save the Republic from royalists. It was forced to disband and government troops killed 20,000 rebels. |
| Zionism | ...a movement started by Theodor Herzl that was devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine. Organized the First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland. |
| French Union of Womens' Suffrage | ...founded by Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl to get women rights - especially the right to vote. French women didn't win the vote until after WWII. |
| Mexican War | ...war between the U.S. and Mexico in 1846 which added California and the Southwest. |
| Manifest Destiny | ...an American idea that the United States should stretch across the entire north American continent |
| Fifteenth Amendment | ...The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |
| American Federation of Labor | ...American labor union organized to defend workers, seeking better wages, hours, and working conditions. |
| Populist Party | ...1890s farmers joined city workers to support this party. Never became major party, but their platform of reforms, like an 8 hour work day, eventually became law. |
| Progressive party | ...1900, reformers who tried to get change. Wanted laws to ban child labor, limit working hours, regulate monopolies, and give voters more power. |
| rotten boroughs | rural town in England that sent members to Parliament even though they had few voters |
| free trade | ...trade between countries without quotas, tariffs, or other restrictions |
| capital offenses | ...a more serious crime, punishable by death (in early 1800s, these included shoplifting, sheep stealing, and impersonating an army veteran) |
| penal colonies | ...settlements for convicts, in the new British territory of Australia |
| home rule | ...local self government |
| abolitonist | ...someone who doesn't believe in slavery and is against slave trade |
| coalition | ...temporary alliance of various political parties |
| absentee landlord | ...wealthy settlers (Ireland) who owned large estates bt didn't live on them. Many Irish peasants lived in desperate poverty while paying high rent to landlords living in England. |
| segregation | ...forced separation by race, sex, religion, or ethnicity |
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