Anatomy and Physiology of farm animals Test 3
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Created by:
st_sarmstrong on March 28, 2011
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107 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Vessels, arteries, veins, pumping organ | What the blood vascular system is comprised of |
| Ateries | Move blood away from the heart (Efferent) |
| Veins | move blood toward the hear (afferent) |
| Pulmonary circulation, portal circulation, systematic circulation | the three types of circulation |
| Lymph and Blood Vascular system | What the Circulatory system is comprised of |
| tissue spaces | where does the lumph system begin? |
| Anterior Vena Cava | where does the lymph system end? |
| lacks proteins, contains lymphocytes | How is lymph different than blood plasma? |
| help Fight foreign invaders | The purpose of lymphocytes |
| Transport gasses, nutrients, waste, regulatory substances ct as clotting mechanism | Functions of the circulatory system |
| vitamins, minerals, hormones, enzymes | types of regulatory substances |
| Main, body defense | 2 clotting mechanisms |
| 7.4 | the pH of blood |
| bright red | oxygenated blood color |
| Dark red | deoxygenated blood color |
| Cellular elements, plasma | Major components of blood |
| Erythrocytes | Another name for RBC's |
| Granular, agranular | types of WBC's |
| Neutrophylls, esinophylls, basophylls | Granular WBC's |
| Lymphocytes, monocytes | agranular WBCs |
| Transport medium | Funciton of plasma |
| no | does serum have a clotting factor? |
| Myeloid tissue, lymphoid tissue | 2 basic areas of blood production |
| bone marrow | where is myeloid tissue found |
| RBC, granular WBC's Platelets | What is produced in the myeloid tissue |
| Agranular WBC's | what is produced in the lymphoid tissue |
| Red, Yellow, White, gelatenous | 4 types of myeloid tissue |
| blood | red myeloid forms what? |
| decreaced RBM increased YBM | As an animal ages what happens to bone marrow amounts? |
| Ribs, sternum pelvis, sometimes vertebrae | where is RBM found in an adult? |
| Longbones, femur, ulna | where is RBM found in young animals? |
| Emergency response | when can YBM revert back to RBM? |
| transport O2 and CO2 | function of erythrocytes |
| 65% Water, 33% Hemoglobin, 2% mix protein, lipid, vitamin, mineral | Composition of RBC |
| biconcave disk | shape of RBC |
| 7.5 microns | diameter of RBC |
| 7-10 million | how many RBC's are in one cc of blood? |
| no nucleus | describe the nucleus of an RBC |
| Erythrocyte | A mature RBC is called |
| Reticulocyte | an immature RBC is called |
| weblike appearance (bluish threads) within the cell | What do reticulocytes appear like? |
| 200-300 million | how many molecules of hemoglobin are in one RBC? |
| Principle transport medium of blood | function of Hb |
| increased production of Hb for more effecient gas exchange | hypoxia causes? |
| Oxyhemoglobin | Hb + O2 |
| Carbohemoglobin | Hb +CO2 |
| 1 | how many iron receptors are on one molecule of Hem? |
| 4 | How many molecules of hem are there per globin? |
| 1 | how many O2 can 1 Fe++ carry |
| 4 | how many possible molecules of O2 can be carried by one Hb? |
| RBM | where are RBC's formed? |
| Hemohistoblast | Precursor cell to RBC's found in the RBM (nucleated cell) |
| hemohistoblast --> arithroblast --> Reticuloblast --> reticulocyte --> Arithrocyte | outline the formation of RBC's |
| hormone regulation and nervous system | what is RBC under the control of? |
| hypoxia -->hypothalamus signals kidneys to secrete erythropoitea --> targets RBM --> increased production of RBM | outline the stress-induced increased production of RBC's (reversion of RBM) |
| 4-120 days | lifespan of a RBC |
| 90 days | AVG life of an RBC |
| Reticulo-endothelial system | responsible for the removal of old RBC's |
| Hemolysis | destruction of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin into the surrounding medium |
| Porphyrin ring and iron | structure of Hem |
| Amino Acid material | what is globin constructed of? |
| Iron | portion of Hem that is reused |
| Porphyrin ring | portion of Hem that is not reused |
| Reticulo-endothelial system | How is the used porphyrin ring disposed? |
| Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils | types of Granular WBC's |
| Neutrophils | Contains a many lobed nucleus, acts as the first line of defense, is actively amoeboid and phagocytic, helps fight acute infections |
| acute infections | what do neutrophils help fight? |
| Eosinophils | Increase during chronic or parasitic infections, amoeboid in shape, increase during allergic Rxns and detoxify forein proteins |
| 60-65 % | proportion of WBCs that are neutrophils |
| 4% | proportion of WBC's that are Eosinophils |
| Basophils | Not present in any significant #, will increase during leukemia, small pox, Hodgkins, disease, Chicken pox |
| Monocytes, Lymphocytes | 2 types of Agranular WBC's |
| monocytes | An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage. |
| Lymphocytes | amoeboid cells which form antibodies to increase immunity |
| large and small | the 2 types of lymphocytes |
| Thrombocytes | smalles blood element, which origniates in the megacarocyte. Produces thrombokinase |
| Megacarocyte | Another name for bone marrow |
| Thrombokinase | enzyme used in blood clotting process |
| 90% H20 10% solids | Plasma-fluid proportions |
| antibodies electrolytes monosaccharaides amino acid material (peptide, polypeptide) lipids regulatory compounds (hormones and enzymes) proteins minerals vitamins | solids found in the blood conist of? |
| fibrinogen, globulins, albumin, albimunen | types of proteins foudn in plasma-fluid portion of the blood |
| form and impervious cover for damaged tissue to keep out foreign material | purpose of clotting |
| Clotting | sequential series of enzymatic reactions upon various substrates |
| when plateletes rupture | when is thrombokinase released? |
| thrombokinase combines with ionized calcium and attacks prothrombin | what happens when ruptured platelets come in contact with damaged tissue |
| prothrombin | plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process |
| Fibrinogen | A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation, and is triggered by thrombin. |
| decreased temperature, venoms, liver trauma | factors which slow down clotting time |
| increased temperature, adrenalines, contact with rough texture | factors which speed up clotting time |
| heart | where does the anatomy of the blood circulatory system begin and end? |
| pericardium | a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart |
| Epicardium | outermost layer of the heart |
| Endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
| myocardium | thick middle muscle layer of the heart; pumps blood through the circulatory system |
| atrium | upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle |
| ventricle | a chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it to the arteries |
| atrial-ventricular valve | valve which separates the atrium and ventricle |
| ateries | tubular structures which carry blood away from the heart |
| elastic | large arteries are? |
| maintains blood pressure | a function of arteries |
| arterioles | smaller, thinner branches of arteries, carry blood to capillaries |
| terminations of arterioles which supply cappilaries | position of smooth muscle sphinctors located in arterioles |
| prevent backflow into the capillaries | one purpose of arterioles |
| capillaries | tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body |
| venioles | smalles veins that carry blood toward the heart |
| veins | blood vessels that carry waste containing blood from the tissues back to the heart |
| larger | veins are usually _______ than the corresponding arteries |
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