Flashcards: PMP Study Cards
About these flashcards
Created by:
phifibonacci on March 28, 2011
Subjects:
Groups:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.All 111 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 what are the five project management process groups? | "initiating, planning, executing, monitor&controlling and closing" |
| what are the nine knowledge areas? | "integration scope time cost quality human resource communication risk procurement ""I Should Take Control and Quit Helping Customers Ruin Projects""" |
| what is a project charter? | a project charter is a written document that formally recognizes and authorizes the existence of a new project. |
| when should a PM be assigned? | "during development of the charter, never later than the start of planning" |
| what is EEF? | "enterprise environmental factors i.e. standards infrastructure market conditions, etc" |
| what are organizational process assets? | "all of an organization's processes, policies, procedures and knowledge bases" |
| a charter should document what? | "business and customer needs project purpose project objects success criteria project description/reqs risks/milestones/budgets approval requirements assigned project manager name of sponsor" |
| what are the two categories of project selection methods? | "benefit measurment models mathematical models" |
| name examples of benefit measurement model | "benefit-cost models economic models scoring models comparative approaches peer review murder board" |
| give some examples of project selection mathematical models | "linear programming dynamic programming integer programming multi-objective programming" |
| what is a project management plan? | a formal approved document used to manage and control project execution. |
| what's included in a project management plan? | "scope management plan requirements management plan schedule management plan cost management plan quality management plan process improvement plan human resources plan communication manage plan risk management plan procurement management plan" |
| what three baselines are established by the project plan? | "cost, schedule and scope" |
| what are five key outputs for direct and manage project execution? | "deliverables (product) work performance info change requests project plan updates project document updates" |
| give examples of project documents | "requirements documents project logs risk register stakeholder register" |
| what is always the first thing a pm should do if a change request arises? | evaluate the impact of the change and then meet with the team to discuss alternatives |
| what is typically included in a performance report? | "current status of work milestones reached scheduled activities forecasts issues that may require decision or response" |
| when should a change request be recorded in written form? | always |
| what is MBO? | "management by objectives a process for managing objectives which includes 1) establish realistic and clear objectives 2) evaluate is objectives are being met 3) take action if needed" |
| what are the two types of evaluations? | "mid-project evaluation post project/final evaluations" |
| what are the two kinds of scope | "product scope project scope" |
| define product scope | "the features and functions embodied in the product, service or result. it's measured against product requirements." |
| define project scope | the management activities required to deliver the product service or result. project scope is measured against the project plan. |
| list eight tools for collecting requirements | "interviews focus groups facilitated workshops group creativity techniques group decision making questionnaires and survey observation prototypes" |
| what is a requirements traceability matrix? | a table that links each requirement to a business need or objective. |
| what's in a project scope statement? | "product scope description product acceptance criteria project deliverables project exclusions project constraints project assumptions" |
| what is a WBS? | "work breakdown structure a deliverable-oriented decomposition of the work inside the scope of the project. work not in the WBS is outside the scope of the project." |
| what is the 8/80 rule | all work packages (in WBS) should be between 8 and 80 hours in duration. |
| tasks at the lowest level of the WBS are called what? | work packages |
| what are four key outputs to create WBS? | "WBS WBS Dictionary Scope Baseline Project Document Updates" |
| what is scope verification | scope verification is the process of obtaining formal acceptance of the project scope by the stakeholders |
| can work packages be decomposed further? | "yes, they can become activities or schedule activities" |
| list some activity attributes. | "activity ID, WBS ID Activity description predecessor successor logical relationships lead and lags resource requirements dates and constraints assumptions responsible resource (person) geographic area" |
| what is an orphaned task | "a task with no predecessor or successor this should never happen except for the first and last activity" |
| what are the five key inputs for sequence activities? | "activity list activity attributes milestone list project scope statement OPA" |
| what is PDM | the precedence diagramming method also called activity on node. it Is a type of network diagram. |
| what are the four types of activity dependancies used in PDM? | "finish to start finish to finish start to start start to finish" |
| what is the most common PDM activity dependency? | finish to start |
| what is the least common activity dependency used in PDM! | start to finish |
| what is. mandatory dependency? | dependancies that must occur in a certain order which often involve physical or technical limitations of some kind. |
| what is a discretionary dependency? | an optional dependency that is usually followed because it is best practice. |
| what is an external dependency? | dependencies involving interfaces outside of the project. |
| what is. resource? | "person, equipment, material an facility" |
| what is bottom up estimating? | estimates based on summation of estimates of decomposed activities. aggregation of estimates at lower levels of WBS. |
| what are the three key outputs for estimate activity resources? | "activity resource requirements RBS (resource breakdown structure) project document updates" |
| what is duration estimating? | assessing the number of work periods needed to complete the activity |
| what are five tools for estimating activity durations | "expert judgement analogous estimating parametric estimating three point estimates reserve analysis" |
| list eight tools for Develop Schedule | "schedule network analysis critical path method critical chain method resource leveling what-if scenario analysis applying leads and lags schedule compression scheduling tool (ie ms project)" |
| what are two approaches to schedule compression? | crashing and fast tracking |
| what is crashing? | adding resources to critical path activities. this always increases cost. |
| what is fast tracking? | doing more activities on parallel. this usually increases risk because of increased coordination. |
| list four outputs of develop schedule | "project schedule schedule baseline schedule data project document updates" |
| what is a baseline | an approved document |
| list from pessimistic to optimistic the four schedule duration estimating techniques | "MOST PESSIMISTIC Monte Carlo Simulation Three-point estimate PERT CPM ""single most likely"" MOST OPTIMISTIC" |
| PERT Equation | (mo + (ml x 4) + lo) / 6 |
| what is GERT | "graphical evaluation and review technique a type of network diagram that can handle loops and if-then logic" |
| what is life cycle cost? | project costs plus delivery and maintenance costs for the product |
| what does a cost management plan document? | "how estimates, budgets, controlling are approached. it also includes level of accuracy, units of measure,organizational procedure links, control thresholds,earned value rules reporting formats and process descriptions" |
| list cost estimate types and their accuracy | "ROM -50% - +50% Order of Magnitude -25% - +75% Budget Estimates -10% - +25% Definitive Estimates -5% - +10%" |
| "With reserve analysis what are two types of reserves?" | ,"contingency reserve - money placed against a specific risky work package management reserve - separate money that is not included in the cost baseline" |
| basis of estimates should include what? | "description of work (WBS) basis of estimate assumptions constraints range of results confidence level" |
| what is an opportunity cost? | the cost of choosing one alternative so as to give up the benefits of another alternative |
| what is a sunk cost | money already spent and so can't be recovered. Sunk costs should be ignored when deciding to continue to spend funds on the project. |
| what is the payback period! | the amount of time until net accumulative cash flows are greater than zero. |
| what is BCR | "benefit to cost ratio 1 is break-even <1 costs are greater >1 profitable" |
| what is NPV? | "net present value a single dollar amount used to represent the value of a project. EPV (expected present value) is typically used instead of NPV." |
| what is EPV? | "expected present value considered multiple results sum of the outcome x probability for each considered scenario" |
| what are two types of parametric estimates? | regression analysis and learning curve |
| what is regression analysis? | statistical modeling that represents parametric relationships in a graphical display |
| what does Learning Curve estimation state? | each time we double the number of times we've done something the time it takes to perform the same task will decrease in a regular pattern |
| what is life cycle cost | "known as the total cost of ownership. it includes the coat of acquiring an item as well as operating, maintaining and disposal costs." |
| define quality | the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements. quality and grade are not the same thing. think of the auto fuel example. |
| what is gold-plating? | providing a solution that exceeds the original requirements. considered bad because it increases cost and scheduled time. |
| cost of quality | preventing defects is believed to reduce overall costs and is preferred over costs of non-conformance |
| rule of seven (quality) | when interpreting control charts if seven or more observations in a row fall on the same side of the mean or if they trend Ina constant direction they should investigated for an assignable cause. |
| six sigma rule | 99.9997% of outcomes captured |
| three sigma | only 99.7% percent of outcomes captured |
| prevention vs inspection | prevention is keeping errors out of the product while inspection is keeping errors away from the customer. |
| attribute vs variable sampling | in attribute sampling the result conforms or it doesn't. in variable sampling a degree of conformity is determined |
| tolerance vs control limits | with tolerance the results are acceptable. the process is in control if it falls within control limits but it may not be acceptable. tolerance is the stricter measure. |
| ten tools for quality control | "cause and effect diagram (fishbone) control charts flowcharts histogram Pareto chart run chart scatter diagram statistical sampling inspection approved change request reviews" |
| what is Kaizen? | Japanese word for continuous improvement |
| when should quality be considered | "quality should be designed in, not inspected in" |
| what is Kanban | a communication method that supports just in time (JIT) inventory control. |
| what are the sigmas? | "1 sigma is 68.3% 2 sigma is 99.5% 3 sigma is 99.7% 6 sigma is 99.9997%" |
| list 3 key tools for Develop Human Resource Plan | "org charts and position descriptions networking organizational theory" |
| what is responsibility assignment matrix? | RAM is the primary tool used to display information about roles and responsibilities. it does not show timing of work. |
| what does team development involve? | "improving the ability of the team to contribute as individuals improving team effectiveness improving trust and cohesiveness" |
| what are the five stages of team development (Tuckman Model) | "Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning" |
| list five tools for manage project team | "observation/conversation project performance appraisals conflict management issue log interpersonal skills" |
| what are seven sources of conflict (descending order of likelihood) | "schedule priorities resources technical opinions admin procedures cost personalities" |
| list six methods for responding to conflict | "problem solving/confronting collaborating compromising smoothing/accommodating withdrawing/avoiding forcing" |
| list seven sources of power | "legitimate/formal expert reward referent coercive bureaucratic interpersonal/charisma" |
| list Maslow's hierarchy of needs in ascending order | "physiological safety social self-esteem self-actualization" |
| define McGregor's theory x and y | "theory x states workers are lazy so need top down control theory y states that workers are motivated so management should focus on positive work environment" |
| list three leadership styles | "autocratic democratic laissez-faire" |
| list some dimensions of communicating | "written v oral verbal v non-verbal internal v external formal v informal vertical v horizontal official v unofficial" |
| list some general communication skills | "active listening questioning and probing fact finding/manage expectations persuading others negotiating and resolving conflict summarizing" |
| what is the difference between effective communication and efficient communication | "effective communication is information in the right format at the right time. efficient communication is providing only the information needed avoiding information overload. " |
| describe effective listening | "asking for clarification repeating what you heard watching body language maintaining eye contact" |
| what are the three methods of sharing information? | "interactive communication push communication pull communication" |
| what are the three major categories of reporting? (report performance) | "status reports - where the project stands, analyzing variance progress reports - list of deliverables completed or partially completed forecasting - predicting future status, earned value measures" |
| what are four key tools for report performance? | "variance analysis forecasting methods communication methods reporting systems" |
| what is a tight matrix? | collocation of the team |
| define risk | "an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, can have either a positive or negative effect on project objectives" |
| what are the three risk factors? | "risk event risk probability amount at stake" |
| what's the difference between business risk and insurable risk? | business risk can result in either a gain or loss whereas insurance risk always will result in loss |
| what are four information gathering techniques for identifying risks? | "brainstorming Delphi technique interviewing root cause analysis" |
| describe the Delphi technique | experts give responses to questions anonymously. results are summarized and provided to the entire group |
| what is the one key output for identify risks? | the risk register |
| what is a risk trigger | a symptom or warning sign that a risk is about to occur |