Ch 205 Organic Chp 19
Order by
81 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Lipids | heterogeneous, insoluble in water, soluble in nonpolar solvents |
| Saponifiable | hydrolysis under basic condition- split into 2 parts |
| nonsaponifiable | wont hydrolize under basic conditions |
| Energy storage | adipocyte fat cells, fat layers insulate, provide cushioning for organs |
| Membrane Lipids | phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol |
| Emulsification Lipids | bile acids, used to mix immiscible substances |
| Messenger Lipids | Steroid hormones and eicosanoids |
| Protective Coating Lipids | waxes |
| Fatty Acids | monocarboxylic acid with long HC chain, not too soluble |
| SFA | no dbl bonds, BAD for you, increase heart disease |
| MUFA | one dbl bond, GOOD for you, helps reduce blood clotting |
| PUFA | more than 1 dbl bond, good or bad for you,reduce heart disease, cause some cancer |
| Higher % of MUFA the _________ it is for you. | Better |
| Olive oil | pain reducer |
| omega | counts from methyl end, only shows first dbl bond |
| Delta | shows all dbl bonds starting with C.A. side |
| 18:0 | Stearic |
| 18:1 | oleic, delta 9 and omega -9 |
| 18:2 | Linoleic, delta 9, 12 and omega, -6 |
| 18:3 | linolenic, delta 9, 12, 15 and omega -3 |
| melting point increases________? | with higher degree of saturation (no dbl bonds) and longer HC chains |
| Solubility | mostly insoluble in water- long HC chains |
| All F.A. have? | even #c's in chain |
| In nature? | unsaturated F.A. are CIS |
| Triacylglycerols | made by esterification (addition of water) to a glycercol and 3 sep F.A., O of glycerol forms with C of F.A. |
| Fats and Oils | most effecient energy storage (better than glycogen) |
| 3 F.A. + glycerol = | triacylglycerol |
| Fats are? | TAG's with high degree of saturated F.A.- solids at rm temp, come from animals |
| Oils are? | Mixtures with high degree of UNsaturate F.A.- liquids at rm temp, come from plants |
| Mixed TAG? | contain sat and unsat F.A. |
| Essential F.A.'s | Not Produced by BODY- |
| Linoleic | membrances omega 6, precursor to make other f.a., archidonic acid to eicosanoids--imp for blood pressure and clotting- |
| Linolenic | membranes omega 3, EPA (20:5) brain, DHA (22:6) developement and vision |
| TAGS with hydrolysis | split into glycerol and 3 F.A with addition of water |
| Hyrdolysis by enzymes | only affects part of F.A, some still stuck together EX 2 F.A. + 1 monoacylglycerol |
| Acid hydrolysis | H+ environment, 3 F.A. + glycerol |
| Hydrogention | removes double bond with addition of Hydrogen |
| oxidation | rancidity break up of molecule to produce sml carboxylic acids of sml aldehydes ex sweat |
| phospholipids | contain phosphate group, 3 F.A. to glycerol, cell membranes, polar head- hydrophilic, 2 nonpolar tails-hydrophobic |
| sphingoglycolipids | carbohydrate-- NO glycerol with only 2 F.A. attachments |
| Cholesterol | steroids |
| amino alcohol attached to? | phosphate in a phospholipid |
| Choline | common amino alcohol OH-CH2-CH2-N(CH3)3 |
| Phosphotidylcholine | Lecithins-egg yolk and soybeans, emusifiers-allow mixing of immiscible substances |
| Sphingophospholipid | Sphingosine not glycerol main branch.F.A with amide linkage and phospate with alcohol-ester linkages |
| Sphingomyelins | choline(alcohol), myelin sheath-protects and insulates nerves |
| Sphingoglycolipids | NOT phospholipds. Sphingosine as main branch. F.A with amide linkage, and mono and disaccharide linkage by glycosidic (glucose or galactose most common) |
| Cerebrosides | brain, myelin sheath of nerves |
| gangliosides | gray matter of brain and in myelin sheath of nerves |
| oligosacchardies | carbohydrates( many mono connected together) |
| Cholesterol | has Oh group on C#3 of one of the rings of the steroid nucleus |
| Steroid nucleus contains? | 3-6 membered rings, 1-5 membered rings, and all 4 total rings fused together |
| cholesterol found in? | nerves brain cell membranes and body fluids |
| Excess Cholesterol? | in blood can be deposited on the inner walls of the arteri (plaque)- heart attack |
| Lipoproteins- | lipids and cholesterol together, cholesterol carried in blood in the form of a more soluble lipoprotein |
| HDL | GOOD, carries cholesterol from tissues to liver- reduces serum levels of cholesterol |
| LDL | BAD- cholesterol from liver to tissues- increases serum level |
| Plasma membranes | lipid bilayer, seperates aq interior from aq environment of cell |
| bilayer held together by? | intermolecular force, NOT chemical bond (London) |
| Lipid bilayer has? | polar heads on EXTERIOR and tails on interior(non polar), made of glyco and phospho lipids |
| Cholesterol provides? | Ridgidity |
| proteins transport substances through? | membrane (inside to out or vise versa) |
| Passive | H to L, no protein needed. no energy needed |
| Facilitated | H to L, needs protein, no energy needed, "gate" |
| Active | L to H, needs protein, needs energy, "pump" |
| Emulisfication Lipids | Bile Acids- contain COO+ ion on end of HC chain. found in bile, secreted my liver, |
| function to make? | lipids soluble in digestive tract, similar to soap, breaks downs grease |
| Messenger lipids | Sterioid hormones |
| Androgens | make sex hormones, ketone |
| Estrogens | female, diol-2 oH groups |
| Progestins | pregnancy hormone- ketone |
| Adrenocorticol | produced by adrenal glands- sml amt needed, produced then transported by blood to another place of body |
| Mineralocortoids | balance of Na+ and K+ in cells -Ex Aldosterone |
| Glucocortoids | glucose metabolism- anti-inflammatory action- Cortisol or Cortisone shots. |
| Messenger Lipids | Eicosananoids (means 20 C's)- made from acachidonic acid, hormone like substances, not transported by blood to another part of body, used where they are made |
| NO steroid nucleus? | Eicosananoids |
| Prostaglandins | raise body temp, relax smooth muscle, intesifies pain, increases inflammation response, ASPIRIN inactivates enzyme needed to produce prostaglandins |
| Thromboxanes | promote clotting of blood by platelet formation |
| Leucotrienes | increase allergic response and inflammation |
| Protective Coating Lipids | Monoesters between long chain acid and long chain alcohol, 1 ester linkage |
| Waxes | monoester of long chain monohydroxy alocohol with a F.A. molecule- Sml polar head and 2 non-polar tails, water repellants, make water bead on it when reacted with WAX |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.