Invertebrates
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tatasmagik on March 29, 2011
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Exam 3 Prof Hoffman BIO 242 @ UofL
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69 terms
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 placozoa | Animal phylum that consists of only one species Trichoplax adhaerens, which consists of a few thousand cells arranged in a double-layered, cilia-covered plate 2 mm across; can reproduce by budding |
| calcarea and silicea | Metazoa, Sessile, Porous body, Asymmetric, Several different cell types, Osculum, Flagellum |
| spongocoel | large central cavity of the sponge |
| osculum | A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled (analogous to an anus) |
| Choanocytes | specialized cell in sponges that uses a flagellum to move a steady current of water through the sponge |
| mesohyl | a gelatinous region between the two layers of cells of a sponge |
| spicules | small, spike shaped particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide that make up the skeleton of some sponges |
| Amoebocytes | cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions within sponges |
| gastrovascular cavity | digestive chamber with a single opening, in which cnidarians, flatworms, and echinoderms digest food |
| Schyphozoa | Jellyfish - medusa *Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Cnidaria |
| Cubozoa | class of cnidarian that has a cube shaped medusa and includes sea wasps and box jellies |
| Anthozoa | Class of Cnidarians that includes anemones and corals |
| Platyhelminthes | flatworms (tapeworms, planarians, flukes); bilateral symmetry; central nervous system |
| Protonephridia | an excretory system, such as the flame bulb system of flatworms, consisting of a network of tubules lacking internal openings |
| Ventral nerve cords | nerve cords running down the ventral "belly" (flat worms) |
| Turbellaria | class of flatworms; planarians; ventral mouth; locomotion by creeping on cilia and mucous; free living, mostly aquatic; eg. Dugesia, Bipalium |
| Cestoidea | tapeworms; scolex (suckers and hooks) for feeding in intestines; proglottids packed w/reproductive organs; no digestive system |
| proglottid | one of the many body sections of a tapeworm; contains reproductive organs |
| Ectoproct | sessile mosslike aquatic animal having the anus of the polyp outside the crown of tentacles, lophophorate |
| Brachiopoda | under lophotrochozoans; mistaken for clams/molluscs; have unique stalk that anchors them; aka lamp shells; don't break yo' lamp! |
| mollusca | soft bodied animals that secrete a hard shell made of calcium carbonate (some have lost their shell) |
| mantle | a fold of tissue that drapes over the visceral mass (and secretes a shell, if present) |
| visceral mass | contains most of the internal organs |
| foot | used for movement |
| radula | an organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths |
| Gastropoda | snails and slugs and their relatives |
| cephalapoda | A class of the phylum MOLLUSCA. This class includes squid, octopus, cuttlefish (shown) and nautilus. They are predatory carnivores with TENTACLES (modified from the foot) and a beak-like jaw. They are marine (salt-loving) and move by jet propulsion. They have seperate sexes and a well-developed nervous/sensory system. |
| Placophora aka Chitons | 8 plates on dorsal surface |
| bivalvia | a mollusk with two shells hinged together such as the clam, oyster or mussel |
| Adductor muscle | thick muscle that attaches the two valves of a mollusk and causes the shell to open and close |
| siphon | tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves a mollusk's body |
| annelid | worms with cylindrical bodies segmented both internally and externally |
| closed circulatory system | blood is pumped by a heart and circulates through the body in vessels that form a closed loop |
| Polychaete | a type of annelid, or segmented worm, that typically lives on the seafloor. |
| Oligochaete | classification of an earthworm; smooth bodies, live in soil or fresh water- earthworms |
| leech | carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end |
| Metanephridium | An excretory organ found in many invertebrates that typically consists of tubules connecting ciliated internal openings to external openings; found in most annelids |
| Nephrostome | the funnel-shaped opening of the nephridium of some invertebrates such as earthworms; coelomic fluid is drawn into the nephrostome for filtration |
| Ecdysozoa | Supergroup of protostomes; characterized by periodic molting of their exoskeleton. Include the roundworms and arthropods. |
| nematoda | unsegmented worms: roundworms |
| Cuticle | hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles |
| ecdysis/molting | periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or exoskeleton |
| Trichinella | parasitic nematode that causes trichinosis; contracted by eating uncooked pork |
| Arthropoda | the phylum to which jointed-legged invertebrates belong, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans |
| open circulatory system | A circulatory system in which fluid called hemolymph bathes the tissues and organs directly and there is no distinction between the circulating fluid and the interstitial fluid. |
| Hemocoel | a blood cavity within the bodies of certain invertebrates in which blood bathes tissues directly; part of an open circulatory system |
| hemolymph | the fluid that circulates through the body of an animal that has an open circulatory system |
| Chelicerates | a lineage of arthropods that includes horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, and spiders |
| arachnids | arthropods with two body sections, four pairs of legs, and no antenna |
| Cephalothorax | body part of Arachnids and Crustaceans where head and thorax are fused together |
| pedipalps | pair of mouthparts in chelicerates that are usually modified to grab prey |
| book lung | organ that has layers of respiratory tissue stacked like the pages of a book; used by some terrestrial arthropods to exchange gases |
| hexapods | an insect or closely related wingless, six-legged arthropod |
| Myriapods | centipedes and millipedes (myriad of feet) |
| mandibles | mouthparts of arthropods |
| centipede | chiefly nocturnal predacious arthropod having a flattened body of 15 to 173 segments each with a pair of legs the foremost being modified into poison fangs |
| millipede | any of numerous herbivorous nonpoisonous arthropods having a cylindrical body of 20 to 100 or more segments most with two pairs of legs |
| crustaceans | Any of various predominantly aquatic arthropods of the class Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles, characteristically having a segmented body, a chitinous exoskeleton, and paired, jointed limbs. |
| Deuterostomia | Phylum Echinodermata: Echinoderms have a water vascular system and secondary radial anatomy; Phylum Chordata: The chordates include two invertebrate subphyla and all vertebrates. |
| tube feet | hydraulic, hollow, thin-walled tubes that end in suction cups and enable echinoderms to move |
| water vascular system | A network of hydraulic canals unique to echinoderms that branches into extensions called tube feet, which function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange |
| central disk | The central disk has a nerve ring and nerve cords radiating from the ring into the arms. |
| Madreporite | sievelike structure through which the water vascular system of an echinoderm opens to the outside |
| Asteroidea | the class of the phylum echinodermata to which sea stars belong. |
| Ophiuroidea | class of echinoderms that contains brittle stars |
| Echinoidea | class of echinoderms that includes sand dollars and sea urchins |
| Holothuroidea | class of echinoderms including the sea cucumbers |
| Crinoidea | class of echinoderms that contains sea lilies and feather stars |
| Concentricycloidea | class of echinoderms that contains sea daises |
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