South Asia
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103 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Indus Valley | Pakistan is currently the area of this civilization; Thar Desert forms eastern border; early culture hearth |
| Himalayas | about 50 million years ago, the Indian plate and Eurasian plate collided, and the collision zone forced upward to become this; convergent boundary |
| landforms | the distribution of _____ is: high mountains in North, Plateau in the South, and alluvial plans in between Indo-Gangetic Plain |
| Alluvial plains | created by water deposits |
| Archipelago | island group |
| Atoll | islands that are low-lying tops of submerged volcanoes |
| Ganges River | provides water for drinking, farming, and transportation; also sacred river that brings life to people |
| Indo-Gangetic Plain | this plain is so fertile because of its three rivers and alluvial plains; 2nd largest population cluster |
| climate | wetter and cooler from west to east |
| monsoons | seasonal shift in winds; flooding and drought |
| cyclone | violent storm with fierce winds and heavy rain; most extreme weather pattern of South Asia |
| storm surges | high water level brought by a cyclone that swamps low-lying areas |
| rohini | From April to May, hottest and driest time of the year |
| Aryans | Invade from Persia; bring language and Hinduism |
| 1947 | India independence |
| Partition | The separation of India into West Pakistan, East Pakistan, and India was known as the _______ of India |
| Islamabad | capital of Pakistan was moved from Karachi to this city to get more people to Kashmir |
| Britain | (In early 1800s-1947) this country unified India by creating a single capital, railroad, lingua franca, an educated ruling class, and establishing ports |
| Salt March | In 1931, Gandhi protested British policy by marching to the Arabian Sea to make salt; it was illegal for Indians to grow or sell salt |
| Asssassinated | Gandhi was _____ while on his way to daily prayer in 1948 |
| Nonviolent resistance | this is the name of the theory that protests should not use violence to achieve goals |
| Hindi | official language of India |
| Dravidian | spoken in Southern India |
| English | lingua franca of South Asia; language of government and educated; taught in schools |
| Hinduism | mainly in India; polytheistic, no single founder |
| Samsara | belief, based on your karma, you will be reborn in a next life; also known as reincarnation |
| Karma | All actions have future consequences—rewards or punishments in this life or the next |
| Dharma | duties to families and caste |
| Siddhartha Gautama | The founder of Buddhism; born in Nepal |
| Buddhism | founded in India; no supreme being; most followers in Sri Lanka |
| Moksha | The final release from material existence |
| Brahma | The creator/main god of Hinduism |
| Vishnu | The preserver god that is in charge of human fate of Hinduism |
| Shiva | The destroyer god of Hinduism |
| Ganesha | Shiva's son that removes obstacles; has elephant head; a god of Hinduism |
| Urdu | official language of Pakistan |
| Brahmin | highest caste; priestly |
| Kshatriyas | second highest caste; nobles and warriors; modern day: doctors, lawyers, and CEOs |
| Vaishyas | middle caste; merchants and landowners |
| Shudras | low caste; servants, artisans, and laborers |
| Dalits | also known as untouchables and harijan; lowest caste and poorest |
| Subsistence | this kind of farming is also known as traditional farming; predominates all others; grow only enough to feed family |
| microcredit | Makes small loans available to poor entrepreneurs so they can start their own small businesses |
| outsource | businesses do this because India has low wages, Indians speak English, 12 hour time difference, highest number of college graduates, and there is plenty of high tech infrastructure |
| Green Revolution | Genetically engineered crops designed to grow faster and yield more product |
| small farmers | these people have lost land and went into debt and don't have technology because can't afford water, electricity, etc. because of green revolution; also, women are doing all of the hard work |
| democracy | India is the world's largest _______ |
| India | this country's population hit 1 billion in 2000 and will soon pass China |
| birth | these are the reasons India's ____ rate is high: many children common to South Asian culture; women marry at eighteen or younger; children make money; security in old age when children are present; high infant mortality rate |
| Land reform | A more balanced distribution of land among farmers |
| Sri Lanka | fighting in this country between Sinhalese and Tamils |
| Tamils | minority group of Sri Lanka seeking independence |
| Sinhalese | government of Sri Lanka are this group |
| global warming | Maldives have major concerns about this |
| labor | In Bangalore, ______ is highly skilled, can speak English, and costs 1/10 the price |
| squatter | these kinds of settlements make up 1/3 of population; they also cause bad economy, bad air quality, and government can't get people out |
| digital divide | Gap between people who can and can't afford technology |
| US | South Asia is half the size of this country |
| subcontinent | South Asia is called this; large landmass that is smaller than a continent |
| estuary | an arm of the sea at the lower end of a river |
| summer | season of monsoon with flooding |
| winter | season of monsoon with drought |
| Bangladesh | prone to flooding as a result of cyclones |
| convectional | summer monsoons result in this kind of precipitation |
| orographic | this kind of precipitation occurs during the summer monsoon in the Himalayas |
| low | during summer monsoons, hot air rises and creates this kind of pressure |
| high | during the winter monsoon, air sinks, creating this kind of pressure |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Used a nonviolent resistance program for Indian independence |
| Pakistan | Muslim country; location of Indus Valley Civilization; official language is Urdu; ally to US |
| Nepal | landlocked and poor; mountains; Hindu; main income from tourism |
| Bhutan | Buddhist; landlocked and isolated; main income from tourism |
| Bangladesh | Muslim; formerly East Pakistan |
| Sri Lanka | Buddhist; formerly known as Ceylon; makes tea; tension between Sinhalese and Tamil |
| Maldives | Sunni Muslim; made of 2000 coral islands; worries of global warming and flooding; mainly makes money off tourism |
| Puja | daily worship |
| White Revolution | Green revolution caused this revolution; as a result of sudden influx of money, people have been able to purchase water buffalo and other milk-producing animals |
| Ceylon | Sri Lanka was formerly known as this |
| tourism | this has been a mixed blessing for Nepal because visitors have destroyed much of land; Mostly in Nepal and Bhutan |
| sherpa | People from the high Himalayas that are the traditional mountain guides of the Everest region |
| Kashmir | The land that is claimed by India and Pakistan; India has it; ¾ of the population is Muslim |
| Islam | religion of Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Maldives; this religion was spread in 900 AD |
| Sikhism | this religion is a mix of Hinduism and Islam |
| child labor | Very common for children to work in labor intensive industries such as match factories |
| Mumbai | India's most prosperous city and leading commercial center of metals, chemicals, and electronics |
| Bangalore | India's high-tech center; home of hundreds of computer software companies |
| glocalization | The creation of products or services intended for the global market, but customized to suit the local culture |
| telecommunications | developments in this has helped developed culture |
| economic | these three things have limited Bangalore's _______ growth: Infrastructure; traffic congestion; air transportation (bad, small air ports); electricity problems |
| cow | In India, killing or harming this animal is prohibited |
| yoga | Used to heighten awareness during meditation |
| shrine | expressions of devotion in Hinduism |
| temple | places of worship in Hinduism |
| doubling | rapid population growth in India let to a 36 year _____ time |
| demographic momentum | In Stage 3 of the demographic transition model but still has a high _______ _________ |
| education | this is the key to control population growth because it leads to better jobs and better lives for women, as well as a lower infant mortality rate |
| Delhi | the push factors that lead people to this city are: Work, on 2 rivers, population is 13-14 million |
| urban | in this setting, the caste system is not as important |
| migration | families still influence after this because money still needs to be sent back, they stay connected, must visit villages in harvest season |
| family | the _____ has problems with migration because of separation; father leaves family; moms have to keep up education; oldest boy has to take place of father |
| nuclear | both India and Pakistan have these kinds of weapons to fight over Kashmir |
| purdah | seclusion of women in Muslim countries |
| Varanasi | holiest site of Hinduism |
| river deltas | these are frequent in Bangladesh; have good soil and are subjected to lots of floods |
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