Prentice Hall Biology Chapter 4
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Created by:
vanderal on March 30, 2011
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Classes:
prentice hall pre-ap biology mr. morgan's class, Theodore's Biology, Biology CHS, Biology 1 Pre-AP
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Weather | The day-to-day condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place |
| Climate | The average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region |
| Greenhouse Effect | The natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases |
| Polar Zones | Cold areas where the sun's rays strike Earth at a very low angle |
| Temperate Zone | Moderate climate zone between the polar zones and the tropics |
| Tropical Zone | Warm climate zone that receives direct or nearly direct sunlight year round |
| Biotic Factors | Biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem |
| Abiotic Factors | Physical or nonliving factors that shape an ecosystem |
| Habitat | The area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it |
| Niche | The full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions |
| Resource | Any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space |
| Competitive Exclusion Principle | Ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time |
| Predation | An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism |
| Symbiosis | Any relationship in which two species live closely together |
| Mutualism | Where both species benefit from the relationship |
| Commensalism | A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| Parasitism | Where one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it |
| Ecological Succession | Series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time |
| Primary Succession | Succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists |
| Pioneer Species | First species to populate an area during primary succession |
| Secondary Succession | Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil |
| Biome | A complex of terrestrial communities that covers a large area and is characterized by certain soil and climate conditions and particular assemblages of plants and animals |
| Tolerance | The ability to survive and reproduce and under conditions that differ from the optimal conditions |
| Microclimate | A climate in a small area that differs from the climate around it |
| Canopy | Dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees |
| Understory | Layer in a rain forest formed by shorter trees and vines |
| Deciduous | A tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season each year |
| Coniferous | Trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles |
| Humus | Material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter |
| Taiga | Biome in which the winters are cold but summers are mild enough to allow the ground to thaw |
| Permafrost | Layer of permanently frozen subsoil in the tundra |
| Plankton | Tiny, free-floating organisms that live in both freshwater and saltwater environments |
| Phytoplankton | Population of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton |
| Zooplankton | Tiny animals that form part of the plankton |
| Wetland | An ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface of the soil for at least part of the year |
| Estuaries | Wetlands formed where rivers meet the sea |
| Detritus | Made up of tiny pieces of organic material that provides food for organisms at the base of the estuary and food web |
| Salt Marshes | Temperate-zone estuary dominated by salt-tolerant grasses above the low-tide line, and by seagrasses under water |
| Mangrove Swamps | Coastal wetlands that are widespread across tropical regions |
| Photic Zone | Well-lit upper layer of the oceans |
| Aphotic Zone | Permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone |
| Zonation | Prominent horizontal banding of organisms that live in a particular habitat |
| Coastal Ocean | Extends from the low-tide mark to the outer edge of the continental shelf, the relatively shallow border that surrounds the continents |
| Kelp Forests | Coastal ocean community named for its dominant organism-kelp, a giant brown alga |
| Coral Reefs | Diverse and productive environment named for the coral animals that make up its primary structure |
| Benthos | Organisms that live attached to or near the ocean floor |
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