Chapter 4 - Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hydrocarbon | an organic molecule consisting of only carbon & hydrogen |
| isotope | one of the several forms of an element each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons - differs in atomic mass |
| isomer | one of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures, and there different properties |
| functional group | a specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules & usually involved in chemical reactions |
| structural isomers | differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms |
| geometric isomers | same covalent partnerships, but differ in spatial arrangements |
| enantiomers | isomers that mirror images of each other |
| hydroxyl group | polar; can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules |
| carbonyl group | alcetone & aldehyde may be structural isomers; also found in sugars |
| carboxyl group | has acidic properties; carrboxyl ion |
| amino group | acts as base, can pick up H+; ionized 1+ |
| sulfhydryl group | 2 of this group can react, creating covalent bond; curliness of hair... |
| phosphate group | contributes negative charge to molecule; has potential to react with water, releasing energy |
| methyl group | affects expression of genes; arrangement in male & female sex hormones |
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