Religion Test #3
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Created by:
AmoryMuerte on March 30, 2011
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93 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Dao (Definition) | -"way" or "path" = "Way of all things" - Mysterious source and ordering principle of universe. |
| Date of Emergence of Doaism | - Emerged in the third C. BCE under the Chou Dynasty before first unification of China. - Time of major political and social chaos. States were at war with eachother. |
| Where is Daoism practied | - Taiwan - Hong Kong - Chinese Communities of Malaysia, Thailand, and Syngapore - US (San Francisco) |
| Qi (Definition) | - The One - Primordial Energer - The breath of Life Each human being has this qi and Daoist practice is based on how humans nurture qi. |
| Yin | - Dark, heavy, obscure, passive, earth, death, and famine |
| Yang | - Light, warm, airy, active, life, heaven, and masculine. |
| Purpose of Daoist practice | - One learns how to control qi. - The goal is to ally oneself to the Yang pattern of light-male-heaven. - Also to cultivate Yin qualities of femaleness. Female-yin energies nurture and vitalize male-yang energies. |
| T'ai-chi ch'uan | - Was developed in 18th century CE as a training for martial arts. - Helps channel Qi to body organs and revitalize them. - Practice by Chinese at dawn and dusk for their health. |
| Shang Ti (Lord on High, Ruler of the Universe) | Emerged durng the Shang Dynasty (1600-1122 BCE) - Ruler of the Universe - Not a Creator god - Supreme ancestor of the Chinese+ancestor of ruling Shang family Guarantor of moral order King = chief priest and diviner |
| Mandate of Heaven (T'ien Ming) | Chou Dynasty (1122-221 BCE) - more impersonal designation for concept of heavenly power - Heaven - diety - supreme reality - divine order of universe - divine order of universe - Self-existing moral law of virtue - A virtuous family may be obligated by heaven to rule - Special relationship based on merit, NOT birth. |
| Emperor = Son of Heaven | - Title held until 1906 - Heaven, Earth, and the emperor linked together |
| Taiji Diagram | - The Taiji diagram is the same as the yin-yang symbol |
| De or Te | - It is the inherent power or virtue - Respect father, elders, superiors, emperor, ancestors. In return elders are to treat juniors with courtesy and concern. |
| Laozi | - Legendary sage also known as "Lao-tzu" or "Lao-tse" - Wrote the scripture known as Daodejing (The Classic of the Way and its Power |
| Daodejing | Scripture meaning "The Classic of the Way and its Power" - Written by Laozi during the Waring States Period (350-275 BCE) - Main concern focused on how individuals can experience Dao and let their lives flow in harmony with it. - It was originally concieved as a political manual. |
| Wu-Wei | "non-action", "inaction", non-purposiveness" - Refraining from overly aggressive action -Refraining form taking intentional action contrary to natural flow of things - Action without ego-assertion In politices it means "non-interference and in education it means to be passively open and receptive |
| Zhuang Zi | - Less Political than Daodejing - Focused mainly on the individual path to liberation - Total detachment from society and civilization - Judgements are relative - Life is a delusion? |
| The Way of the Celestial Masters | It was founded by Zhang Daoling (Healer) during the 1st and 2nd Century AD in Western China - Group that still exists in Taiwan today. - It is a secret society that has a strict hierarchy - It's main goal is to attain longevity through faith healing, meditative trance and alchemy - Accepted minorities and women in the ranks of Parish leadership. |
| Zhang Daoling | - Was the founder of the Way of the Celestial Masters |
| Yellow Turbans (The Way of Great Peace) | - It was founded by Zhang Jue - They conquere the whole of the Yellow River in eastern China - Yin and Yang were no longer in balance in heaven and on earth - A new "Yellow Heaven" mandate was to replace the Han dynasty mandate. |
| Celestial Worthies (Three Purities) | - Hold courts in celestial paradises -Govern a complex hierarchy of lesser gods - Among them is Laozi - Celestial Worthy of Primordial Beginning, Celestial Worthy of Numinous Tresure, and Celestial Worthy of the Way and its Power (Deified Laozi) |
| The Three Officials | Heaven, Earth, and Water - Ancient deities - Keeps records of human deeds on earth - Control each person's life span and fate after death. -Stern -When a Daoist falls sick, priests would then submit petitions to the Three Officials. |
| Shen | - The god of the stove |
| Where did Confucianism dominate the philosophy of education? | - It dominated the philosophy of education in East Asia until the 20th Century |
| How do Doaists and Confucians differ from one another? | DAOISM - Emphasized nature - Harmony of individuals with Dao Confucians - Emphasized better relationships - Social Harmony |
| K'ung fu-tzu (Confucius) | - Challenged corrupt, autocratic leaders - Argued for meritocracy -Advocated education for all - At age 67, he returned to Lu and spent the rest of his life teaching |
| Analects (Lun Yu) | - Sayings and conversations of Confucius - Compiled after his death |
| The Five Classics | Book of Poetry (Shijing) Book of Changes (Yijing) Book of History (Shujing) Book of Rites (Liji) Spring and Summer Annals (Qunqiu) |
| Book of Mencius | Written in 3rd Century BC - Humans are by nature good - Natural goodness must be cultivated - Emphasized family obligations - Rulers must provide for all citizens -Just land distribution - Right to revolt against an unjust ruler |
| Five Basic Relationships | Parent and Child Husband and and Wife Elder and Younger Brother Friend and Friend Ruler and Subject |
| Xun Zi | -Believed that humans are basically evil -Goodness requires: - Strict education - Moral training - Participation in the rituals of society |
| Ren | - Means Humanenss and is also written as Jen |
| Shu | - Means reprocity - Do not do to other what you would not have them do to you |
| Li (Propriety, Good form) | - Rites and rituals of a society - Courtesy - Right and proper order - Religious rituals - Ancestor veneration - Worship of deities spirits |
| Xiao or Hsiao | - Means filial piety |
| Cheng-Ming | - Means rectification of names |
| Temples of Culture (Wen Miao) | - Established in each province - Included images of Confucius - Sacrifices to Confucius |
| Meaning of the word Shinto | - Way of the Spirits |
| Kami | - Powers in natural |
| 6th Centery AD | - Buddhism was introduced into Japan. - Shinto was developed as a seperate religion. |
| 19th Century AD | -Western imperialists chanllenged Shinto. -Emperor of Meji reinterpreted Shinto. -Shinto was "purified" out of many Buddhist influences. |
| 20th Century AD | -Emperor Hirohito denied his divinity. |
| Kojiki | -Chronicles of Ancient Events -Izanag (He who invites) and Izanami (She who invites) created Japanese islands. -After the production of the islands, the couple produced many kami. |
| Izanagi and Izanami | The two couple created the Japanese islands along with many Kami that go with it. -The birth of the fire god killed Izanami and she went to the land of the dead. Izanagi sougher her in the corrupt land of the dead and polluted himself. |
| Amerterasu | - The Sun goddess |
| Jimmu Tenno | -The first huma emperor of Japan. -Amaterasu's great-grandson -Ancestor of all imperial houses -Human with kami nature -Able to communicate with Amaterasu. |
| What is the meaning of Shinto Worship? | - Cosmic Harmony |
| Bushido Code | -The warrior code of honor -Based on Daoist and Zen Buddhist concepts -Governed the Samurai -Absolute loyalty of a warrior to his lord. -Demanded ritual suicide (hara-kiri) for failiure. |
| Motoori Norinaga | -Leading scholar -Shinto surpassed all and encompassed all religions -Buddha and Confucius are Kami -Japan was superior to other countries -All should give allegiance to the Mikado (Japanese emperor) |
| Meji Reforms | -Ended the Samurai era -Ended the state patronage of Buddhism -Restored power to the emperor -Created constitution and legislature -Opened Japan to foreign trade -Made Shinto a state religion |
| State Shinto | Emphasized ancestor veneration -Identified with the emperor, the government, and patriotism. -Included most Shinto Shrines and Rituals. Placed all shrines under the Bureau of Shines -All Japanese were required to register at a shrine. |
| Mt. Fiji | - Pilgramage place |
| Tenrikyo | - Means "Teaching of Heavenly Reason) -was a spiritual group formed by a peasant woman named Miki |
| Kamidana | - High shelf on which rests a miniature shrine with a mirror inside. |
| Where is the Grand Imperial Shrine of Amaterasu located? | -It is located at Ise. |
| Analects | -The book of sayings of Confucius |
| Dao | -The mysterious origin of he universe, which is present and visible in everything. |
| Daodejing | -The classic scripture of Daoism |
| Five Classics | -The classic literature of the time preceding Confucius, including poetry, history, and divination |
| Four Books | -The major confucian books, which included sayings of Confucius and Mencius |
| Junzi | "Noble Person" -The refined human ideal of Confucianism |
| Laozi | - The legendary founder of Daoism |
| Legalists | -The strictest of the Chinese philosophical schools, which advocated strong laws and punishments. |
| Mohists | -A Chinese school of philosophy that taught universal love. |
| Qi | - Life force |
| Ren | - Empathy, consideration for others, humanenes |
| Shu | -Reprocity |
| Wen | Cultural refinement |
| Wu Wei | "No action" "No strain" -Doing only what comes spontaneously and naturally; effortlessness |
| Xiao (Hsiao) | -Family devotion, filial peity |
| Yang | -The active aspect of reality that expresses itself in speech, light, and heat |
| I Ching | - An ancient Confucian book of divination, one of the Five Classics that is still in use today. |
| Yin | -The respective aspect of the universe that expresses itself in silence, darkness, coolness, and rest |
| Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu) | Author of the Zuangzi, a book of whimsical stories that express themes of early Daoist thoughts |
| Amaterasu | "Shining in Heaven" - Goddess of the sun |
| Bushido | "Warrior Knight Way" - Military devotion to a ruler, demanding loyalty, duty, and self-sacrifice. -An ideal promoted by State Shinto |
| Gagaku | - The stately ceremonial music of Shinto |
| Ise | -Located in southeastern Honshu of a major shrine to Amaterasu |
| Izanagi | "Male who invites" - Primordial male parent god |
| Izanami | "Female who invites" - Primordial female parent god |
| Jinja | - A Shinto shrine |
| Kami | - A spirit, god or goddess of Shinto |
| Kamidana | - A shelf or home altar for the veneration of the cami |
| Kamikaze | "Spirit Wind" - Suicide fighter pilots of World War II |
| Kojiki | - The earliest chronicle of Japanese history |
| Misogi | A ritual of purification that involves stanting under a waterfall |
| Nihongi | - The second chronicle of Japanese history |
| Noh | - Dramas performed in mask and costume, associated with Shinto |
| Omoto | A new religion, which stresses art and beauty |
| Samurai | - Feudal Soldiers |
| Shimenawa | - Twisted rope that marks a sacred spot |
| Tenrikyo | - a new religion devoted to human betterment |
| Torii | - A gatelike structure that marks a Shinto sacred place. |
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