CH. 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.4, 16.5
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Henry the Navigator | Ruler of Portugal -> Starts school for navigation |
| Vasco de Gama | Rounds Cape of Good Hope and continues onto India for Spices. |
| Christopher Columbus | sailed west and found West Indies |
| Vasco Nunez da Balboa | Hacked through Panama to the south sea |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Finds sea route west through South America First to circumnavigate. |
| Cartographer | mapmakers |
| Astrolabe | determines latitude on the sea |
| caravel | ship able to sail into the wind, has both triangular and square sails |
| scurvy | a disease caused by lack of Vitamin C |
| circumnavigate | sail around the world |
| Tainos | Native people of the West Indies |
| Hernan Cortes | Conquers Aztecs (helped by Malinche, translator and advisor |
| Malinche | Native translator and advisor |
| Moctezuma | ruler of the Aztecs |
| Francisco Pizarro | conquered Incans |
| Atahualpa | Leader of the Incans |
| conquistador | Spanish conqueror |
| immunity | resistance |
| alliance | Help one another fight |
| civil war | a fight between two (+) groups of the same nation |
| Council of the Indies | The government of New Spain |
| Bartolome de las Casas | the spanish priest that condemned encomiendas |
| New Laws of the Indies | laws that end the mistreatment of Natives |
| Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz | one of the greatest spanish poets |
| viceroy | representative of spain |
| plantation | large estates run by owner/overseer |
| peninsular | spanish born -> moved to New Spain |
| encomienda | right to use natives on plantations |
| peon | workers forced to labor for a landlord in order to pay off debt |
| creoles | american born descendants of Spanish settlers |
| mestizo | european + native americans |
| mulatto | european + african |
| privateer | a privately owned warship commissioned to prey on the commercial shipping or warships of an enemy nation |
| Middle Passage | trip from West Africa to Caribbean |
| Asante | African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680. Asante participated in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory. It resisted British imperial ambitions for a quarter century before being absorbed into Britain. 1902 (736) |
| Usman dan Fodio | A scholar and preacher of Islam in the early 1800's that denounced the corruption of the local African rulers. |
| Boer | a Dutch colonist in South Africa |
| Shaka | A Zulu chief in Southern Africa who used soldiers and good military organization to create a large centralized state. |
| Great Trek | a migration of Dutch colonists out of British-controlled territory in South Africa during the 1830s |
| triangular trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa |
| repeal | To cancel |
| monopoly | (economics) a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller |
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. |
| commercial revolution | the expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. |
| "putting-out" system | system of merchant-capitalists "putting out" raw materials to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developed in England |
| inflation | rising prices |
| capitalism | invest money in order to make a profit |
| entrepreneur | someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it |
| joint stock company | allowed people to pool large amounts of capital needed for an overseas voyage |
| mercantilism | main ideas- export more then import -wealth is based on gold and silver |
| tariff | tax on imports |
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