Chap 6 intro to speech
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garciaashlee on March 31, 2011
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Longitudinal method | a small number of children are predeatedly observed for month or years. |
| cross sectional method | many subjects are selected from different age levels and are studied simultaneously for arelatively brief duration. |
| preverbal behavior | thos behaviors that preced the production of words and phrases |
| syntax | arranging words in proper order to form meaningful sentences. |
| contexts | the situation on which an utterance is producd usually provides a clue to the meaning |
| telegraphic speech | speech that does not include reuired grammatical features |
| free morphemes | can stand alone and convey meaning |
| grammatical morpheme | most of them cannot convey much meaning when produced in isolation although in context they modulate (change) meaning. |
| present progressive | ing is a grammatical morpheme,and its isolated productionn make no sense. |
| bound morpheme | other grammatical mophemes include inflection of english language: adding ed to a word to indicate past tense; adding 's to a word to indicate possesion. |
| mean length of utterance (MLU) | the average length of a child's multiple utterances; the length is measured in tems of morphemes.both bound and free. |
| negation | before he or she can produce a completenegative sentence the child negates something by saying a single word: "NO" |
| function | rouchly the same as purposes or intentions in the linguistic view, and they are nothing other than effects of speech on others. |
| instrumental function | speech that serves th purpose of gettin various kinds of help from others (ex: i want it) |
| regulatory function | control other people's behavior (ex: stop it) |
| turn taking | tur taking implies thathtere is a time to talk and there is a time to listen |
| topic maintenace | continued conversation on the same topic for socially acceptable durations |
| later language acquision | language learning in older children, including adolescents |
| conversations | dialogue though not limited to two individuals |
| narrations | monoluge |
| innate | that it is already present when the chil is born |
| Language acquisition device (LAD) | children are born with an innate mechanism of language aquisiton. LAD integrates the universal and the unique aspects of the language and thus helps the chil learn the language in a relatively short time |
| cognition | includes knowledge and such mental processes as memory and auitoryand visual perception |
| cognitive theory | states that lanugae acquistion is made possible by cogniton and general intellectual processes. (according to this view, knowledge comes first and language later) |
| limited language skils | descrived as a language delay, lanugage disorder, langugage guage impairment, or language problem. |
| syntax | the arrangement of words into meaningul sentences |
| syntactic problems | are difficulties in sentence construction, as expressed in grammaticaly inappropriate forms |
| pragmatic | aspets of language refer to appropriate use of language in social context |
| pragmatic problem | are those of language use. |
| physical or social isolation | reduces the human concts that are needd toa cquire language. |
| socially deprived | children whoare not totally isolated but experience reduced social contact also may show a slowe than normal rate of language acquistion. |
| language assessments | a process of observation and measurement of a clients language behaviors to determine a)wheter a clinical problem exists; b)the nature and extent of the problem, if it exists; and c)a couse ofaction to help the child and the family |
| standarized test | frequently administered to determine whetertha child lags behind children of his or her age |
| expressive langageskills | persons talking (language production) |
| receptive language skill | persons understandin of what is said ( spoken language) |
| language sampling | a masure of language vital to a diagnosis of language disorders in children. the procedure of recodin aperson language productions under relatively normal conditions and whenever possible whith the help of conversational speech |
| prognosis | a statement abotu the likely future course of the disorder when certain steps are take or when nothins is done |
| generalization | the production ofnew skills in new environments without positive or corrective feed back |
| maintenance | the sustained production of newly (clinically) established skills over time and across situations |
| incidental teaching | a procdure in which naturally occurring opportunites for communication are used to teach language |
| expansions | parents often repeat and elaboraewhat the child says |
| cognitive or semantic approach | emphasis not on what the chil says but on what the knows, about things and events |
| stimulus bound | which means that a behavior learned in a particular situation is bound to that situation only. Children with autism ae like to be extremlely stimulus bound |
| desktop auditory trainers | consist ofan amplifier to which multiple earphones are attached |
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