Ch 35 - Lymph System
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 agglutination | a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies (agglutinins) |
| allergen | A substance that causes an allergic reaction |
| allergy | reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances |
| anaphylactic shock | a severe and rapid and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reaction to a substance (especially a vaccine or penicillin or shellfish or insect venom) to which the organism has become sensitized by previous exposure |
| antibody-mediated immunity | The production of antibodies by B cells in response to an antigen. Also called humoral immunity. |
| antigen | substance that triggers an immune response |
| antigen-presenting cell (APC) | macrophages and dendrite cells ingest a cell or particle, remove its antigens and display some of them on their cell surfaces |
| antigen receptor | the general term for a surface protein, located on B cells and T cells, that bind to antigens, initiating aquired immune responses |
| apoptosis | a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself |
| asthma | chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production |
| autoimmune disease | any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues |
| B lymphocyte (B cell) | antigen produced by killer t cell after virus is destroyed |
| cell-mediated immunity | an immune response in which killer T cells attack antigen-bearing cells directly |
| chronic inflammation | inflammation of prolonged duration or slow progress marked histologically by an infiltration of mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells) often with proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrosis |
| clonal selection model | states that the antigen selects which lymphocyte will undergo expansion and produce more lymphocytes bearing the same type of receptor |
| complement | one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response |
| cytokine | Protein (made by T lymphocytes) that aids antigen destruction |
| cytotoxic T cell | T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells. |
| delayed allergic response | repeated exposure to an antigen causes the body to mount an inflammatory response ( contact dermatitis) |
| dendritic cell | specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction |
| edema | swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue |
| foreign antigen | stimulate antibody production or other immune responses - include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and malignant cells |
| hay fever | a seasonal rhinitis resulting from an allergic reaction to pollen |
| helper T cell | lymphocyte that activates cytotoxic T cells and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies |
| histamine | a regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues |
| immediate allergic response | Body reacts immediately to an antigen causing body to have an acute reaction. The reaction will intensify after each exposure to the same antigen., due to the activity of antibodies; anaphylactic shock; bee sting |
| immunity | Resistance to disease |
| immunization | process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced |
| immunoglobulin | a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response, Ig |
| inflammatory response | nonspecific defense against infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain |
| interferon | protein produced by cells in response to being infected by a virus; helps other cells resist the virus |
| interleukin | a protein produced by certain white blood cells that regulates immune responses by activating lymphocytes and initiating fever |
| lymph | the clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells |
| lymphatic (lymphoid) organ | organ other than a lymphatic vessel that is part of the lymphatic system; lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow |
| lymphatic system | the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body |
| lymphatic vessel | a vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation |
| lymph node | Organ located along a lymph vessel. Lymph nodes filter lymph and help attack viruses and bacteria. |
| macrophage | Large white blood cell that removes bacteria, foreign particles, and dead cells |
| mast cell | a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation |
| membrane attack complex | the complex of terminal complement components that forms a pore in the membrane of the target cell, damaging the membrane and leading to cell lysis. |
| memory B cell | do not secrete antibodies. Instead, they can quickly proliferate and differentiate into more plasma cells and more cells should the same antigen reappear at a future time. |
| memory T cell | long-lived antigen-specific T cells that are activated in secondary and subsequent immune responses to an antigen., provide quick response on re-exposure |
| monoclonal antibody | Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack specific antigens. |
| natural killer (NK) cell | lymphocyte which recognizes and destroys foreign cells or infected host cells in a nonspecific manner |
| pathogen | a virus or organism that can cause disease |
| Peyer's patches | collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine |
| plasma cell | Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes |
| red bone marrow | functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets; found in cavities of most bones in infants and in the flat bones in adults |
| self-antigen | The body's own antigen |
| spleen | a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm, Produces blood cells, destroys damaged blood cells, stores blood cells |
| T lymphocyte | A type of lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus. |
| thymus gland | gland that produces T lymphocytes and aids in the immune response |
| tonsils | oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion; also called palatine |
| vaccine | immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies |
| vermiform appendix | wormlike projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function (may help fight infection) |
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