| Term | Definition |
|---|
| xylem | conducts water and minerals |
| phloem | conducts nutrients |
| tracheid | a long and thin xylem cell |
| vessel element | a short and fat xylem cell |
| root hair | increases the surface area of roots |
| root | absorb water and minerals and anchors the plant |
| sieve-tube element | a cell that carries nutrients (part of the phloem vessels) |
| companion cell | a cell that supports sieve tube elements |
| monocot | has one cotyledon, parallel veins, flower parts in multiples of 3 |
| dicot | has two cotyledons, branched veins, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 |
| cotyledon | an embryonic seed leaf; stores all nutrients for the embryo at the beginning of germination |
| gametophyte | produces haploid gametes |
| seta | the stalk of a sporophyte |
| foot | part of the sporophyte that anchors onto the gametophyte |
| capsule | alternate name for sporangium |
| sporophyte | produces spores |
| meristem | an unspecialized, actively dividing cell |
| primary growth | growth that increases length |
| secondary growth | growth that increases width |
| apical meristem | a tissue that carries out primary growth |
| lateral meristem | a tissue that carries out secondary growth |
| vascular cambium | produces secondary xylem and phloem |
| secondary xylem | replaces primary xylem (in woody plants) |
| secondary phloem | replaces primary phloem (in woody plants) |
| cork cambium | produces tissues of the outer bark |
| lenticel | allows for gas exchange through the bark |
| stele | inner concentric cylinder of the root |
| pericycle | undifferentiated meristematic tissue that surrounds the stele |
| spine | a modified leaf for protection |
| stamen | male reproductive organ of the flower |
| anther | produces pollen grains |
| pollen grain | a sperm cell (microspore) |
| filament | thin stalk that holds up the anther |
| carpel | female reproductive organ of the flower |
| stigma | sticky part of the pistil that captures pollen grains |
| style | stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary |
| ovary | where fertizilation takes place |
| ovule | contains female gametophytes; will develop into a fruit |
| endosperm | a triploid structure that forms when a sperm nucleus fuses with two polar nuclei; food for the embryo |
| epicotyl | tip of a seedling; becomes the stems and leaves |
| hypocotyl | stem below cotyledons; becomes the roots |
| radicle | well-defined embryonic root (early development) |
| phytochrome | light receptor pigment |
| short-day plant | requires long nights; blooms in late summer or fall |
| long-day plant | requires short nights; blooms in late spring or summer |
| day-neutral plant | a plant that doesn't respond to daylight changes, rather, temperature or water |
| vegetative propagation | asexual reproduction |
| bulb | short, underground stem |
| runner | horizontal, above-ground stem |
| tuber | underground stem |
| grafting | attaching a stem of one species to another |
| phototropism | response to light |
| gravitropism | response to gravity |
| tropism | turning response to a stimulus |
| thigmotropism | response to touch |
| auxin | hormone that promotes growth, cell elongation, fruit development |
| gibberellin | hormone that promotes stem elongation (esp. dwarf plants) |
| cytokinin | hormone that promotes cell division and cytokinesis |
| ethylene | hormone that promotes leaf abscission and fruit ripening |
| abscisic acid | hormone that promotes bud and seed dormancy and inhibits leaf abscission |
Combine with other sets
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