APUSH: World War II (1920-1945)
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Created by:
michelles2 on April 3, 2011
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Terms Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/89392/AP-US-HISTORY-Ultimate-Study-Guide
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Good Neighbor Policy | withdrawal of American troops from foreign nations (especially Latin America) to improve international relations and unite western hemisphere; Clark Memorandum (rebukes the "big stick"); peaceful resolution of Mexican oil fields |
| Isolationism in 1920s & 1930s | Americans concerned with economic depression; sought to avoid European involvement, no apparent immediate threats |
| Neutrality Acts, 1935-37 | prohibited aiding of belligerent nations, banned civilian involvement; limited power of president during international war, built up armed forces |
| Quarantine Speech, 1937 | FDR encouraged democracies to quarantine their opponents (economic embargos); criticized by isolationists |
| Neutrality Act, 1939 | allowed sale of weaponry to democracies on "cash-and-carry" basis, avoided full-blown war; danger zones proclaimed; solved American unemployment crisis |
| "Four Freedoms" speech | FDR asked for increased authority to aid Britain; freedom of speech/expression, of religion, from want, from fear; resulted in Lend-Lease |
| Lend-Lease Act (1941) | President to offer military supplies to nations "vital to the defense of the US"; ended US neutrality (economic war against Germany); Hitler began to sink American ships (limited scale) |
| Pearl Harbor | Japanese bombing of ships in harbor; resulted in FDR's request for declaration of war against Japan; Germany and Italy responded with declarations of war |
| First American strategy in WWII | FDR and Churchill agreed to defeat Germany first rather than concentrate on Japan |
| Important WWII Battles | Midway (US Signal Corps, turning point of war in the Pacific), D-Day (Eisenhower's amphibious invasion of Normandy, led to depletion of German forces), Stalingrad (Russians defeated Germans, saved Moscow and Leningrad, turning point in Europe) |
| Japanese internment | fear of Japanese-Americans as traitors, sent off (by law) to internment camps; removal of deemed threats in military areas |
| Reasons for US to drop atomic bombs | risk of too many casualties and high costs for hand-to-hand combat/invasion, Japanese surrender unlikely |
| Yalta Conference (1945) | established world organization; Soviet Union pledged to allow democratic procedures in Eastern Europe; pledge broken, led to Cold War |
| Potsdam Conference (1945) | decided to punish war crimes, established program for de-Nazification of Germany |
| The Homefront | westward migration of workers (new economic opportunities, esp. aircraft industry), high rates of divorce and family/juvenile violence, women encouraged to work in factories, still held inferior to men |
| Rationing | Americans at home reminded to conserve materials in all aspects of life to support the military; resulted in saving up of money to cause economic boom after war |
| Rosie the Riveter | symbol of women workers during the war |
| John L. Lewis | through CIO, led three coal mine strikes (some of the very few strikes during the time period) |
| Bracero program | brought in Mexicans for temporary jobs, concentrated in southern CA, given extremely poor working conditions (as they were not American citizens) |
| Zoot Suit riots | racism riots against Mexican laborers (imported for jobs) |
| A. Philip Randolph and the March on Washington | led Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters: threatened a siege on DC if FDR did not agree to end discrimination in military |
| Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) | prohibited discrimination in any government-related work; increased black employment |
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