1.
Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to encode new explicit LTM following brain trauma
Damage to hippocampus
2.
Associative: "learn" that two stimuli are associated with each other or that a response is associated with a given event or has a given consequence
Operant and Classical Conditioning
3.
Declarative Memory: Explicit: facts and experiences that are available to conscious awareness.
Flexibile; used to inference
Medial Temporal Lobes
2 Kinds: semantic and episodic
4.
Encoding: Converting info into usable form
5.
Episodic Memory: Autobiographical events (episodes in your life)
Unlike semantic, involves rapid forgetting unless the knowledge is rehearsed
6.
H.M. Brain Damage: bilateral removal of medial temporal lobes
Where seizures originated
7.
H.M. Cognitive Deficits: Anterograde amnesia: no new explicit LTM after surgery
Temporally-graded retrograde amnesia: loss of LTM encoded before the surgery closer to the surgery (less stable at that point)
8.
H.M. Retained Cognition: STM (long enough for a convo)
Non-declarative (procedural) memory
9.
Infantile/Child Amnesia: Inability as adults to remember events that occurred before 3 yrs old
Undeveloped brain structures/insufficient language skills?
10.
Long-Term Memory: Storing info relative permanently based on meaning and importance. Supports our sense of identity.
11.
Loss of Memory: Short Term: Forgetting
Long Term: Amnesia
1. Infantile/Child Amnesia
2. Retrograde Amnesia
3. Anterograde Amensia
12.
Memory: The internal repository of stored info
Relies on a set of processes in which info is:
1. Encoded
2. Stored
3. Retrieved
13.
Method of Loci: putting things in places to remember it better
14.
Mnemonic Device: Any method to enhance memory
15.
Non-Associative: 1 Habituation: decrease in response to a benign stimulus when the stimulus is presented repeatedly
2 Sensitization: enhanced response to many different stimuli after experiencing an intense or noxious one
16.
Nondeclarative Memory: Implicit: procedural memory not available to conscious awareness
Difficult to communicate via lingual terms
Caudate nucleus and putamen; also cerebellum
4 Types: Priming, Procedural, Associative, Nonassociative
17.
Priming: Memory coaxed to the surface after single exposure to stimulus; not intentionally recalled (subconscious improvement)
Mirror tracing task
18.
Procedural: Everyday processes that don't require conscious effort
Tower of Hanoi task
19.
Retrieval: Taking info out of storage
20.
Retrograde Amnesia: Disruption of memory for past, esp episodic
Trauma/brain injury
21.
Semantic Memory: Characterized by durable knowledge independent of the context (facts that don't change based on environment)
Words and symbols meaning
22.
Sensory Memory: Exact copy of incoming info
Less than 1 sec
Visual: Iconic
Auditory: Echoic
23.
Short-Term Memory: Stores small amounts of info briefly
Limit: 7+/-2
Chunking
With rehearsal, can enter LTM
24.
Stages of memory: 1. Sensory Memory
2. Short-Term Memory
3. Long-Term Memory
25.
Storage: Holding info in memory