2nd and 3rd trimester
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100 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 apex | the ventricles of the heart come to a point called the ___; it is normally directed toward the left hip |
| breech | indicates the fetal head is toward the fundus of the uterus |
| ductus arteriosus | structure that carries oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta |
| ductus venosus | structure that carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava |
| frontal bossing | protrusion or bulging of the forehead that results from hydrocephalus |
| gravidity | total number of pregnancies |
| human chorionic gonadotropin | hormone within the maternal urine and serum; hCG is elevated during pregnancy |
| menstrual age, gestational age | duration of pregnancy determined from the LNMP; also known as ___ ___. |
| micrognathia | abnormally small chin |
| midline echo, falx | linear echoes located centrally in the fetal head that are produced by the borders of the opposing hemispheres; also called the ___. |
| nomogram | written representation by graphs, diagrams, or charts of the relationship between numerical variables |
| normal situs | typical position of the abdominal organs with the liver and IVC on the right, stomach on the left, and the apex of the heart directed towards the left |
| parity | number of live births |
| transverse fetal lie | indicates fetus is lying transversely in the uterus, horizontal, or perpendicular to the maternal sagittal axis |
| trimester | pregnancy is divided into 3 13-week segments called what |
| vertex | indicates that the fetus is positioned head down in the uterus |
| 35 | A grade 3 placenta is not usually seen until after ___ weeks. |
| mature | When grading a placenta, the most ___ part of the placenta is considered. |
| turn on color | What can you do to make sure that there is no cord in a pocket of amnionic fluid before measuring it? |
| 3 | The cervix should meausre around __. |
| 5 | If a cervix measures ___ or more then it may be a contraction. |
| stomach | The ___ is visualized below the diaphragm on the left side. |
| 11 | The stomach is usually seen by ___ weeks. |
| 16 | The stomach is consistently seen by ___ weeks. |
| 18 | Failure to see the stomach at ___ weeks suggests an abnormality. |
| dilation | The bowel should be imaged to rule out ___. |
| 7 | Bowel greater than __mm is suspicious. |
| polyhydraminos | What type of amnionic fluid level may be linked to esophagus atresia? |
| kidneys | What can be noticed lying on either side of the spine in a transverse section below the AC measurement? |
| bladder | What structure is seen between the 2 pubic bones? |
| round | The bladder should be ___ in shape. |
| 1 hour | The bladder should empty in how much time? |
| cerebellum, cisterna magna | The posterior fossa contains what 2 structures that should be measured? |
| atrial portion | Which portion should be used with a meausrement of the ventricles? |
| location | The ___ of the placenta should be observed and documented. |
| 0 | A grade __ placenta has no visible calcifications. |
| 1 | a grade __ placenta has small intraplacental calcifications. |
| 14, 34 | A grade 1 placenta may appear as early as __ weeks and is most common until __ weeks. |
| 2 | A grade __ placenta has calcification of the basilar plate with comma-like echogenicities extending into the placenta from indentations of the chorionic plate. |
| 30 | A grade 2 placenta usually does not appear until after __ weeks. |
| 3 | A grade ___ placenta has extensive basal echogenicities and the curvilinear echogenicities extending from the chorionic plate reach the basal plate. |
| m-mode | How should fetal cardiac activity be measured? |
| rate, rhythm | With fetal cardiac activity, the ___ and ___ should be documented also. |
| Rh status | What should be obtained about the mother before an amniocentesis? |
| arteries, vein | With the 3VC, there are 2 ___ and 1 ___. |
| umbilicus | The 3VC inserts into the fetus at the ___ and immediately diverges. |
| umbilical vein | With the 3VC, the ___ ___ proceeds cephalically to join the portal circulation. |
| umbilical arteries | The ___ ___ egress from a caudal direction after entering the fetus and course toward the bladder. |
| IVC, aorta | The great vessels of the cardiovascular system are the ___ and ___. |
| no | Does a 2VC alone have much impact on the developing fetus? |
| its association with other fetal anomalies | Why is a 2VC such a big finding? |
| mesenchyme, Wharton's jelly | Most of the parenchyma of the umbilical cord consists of loose ___ with ___ ___. |
| transverse | The confirmation for spina bifida must be done in which scanning plane? |
| no | Is a coronal image of the spine sufficient? |
| linear | Which transducer is best for making sure that a measurement is accurate on a long bone? |
| no | Is sandal toe an abnormal finding on a fetuses foot? |
| thorax | The ___ should be viewed and attention should be paid to the size in relation to the abdomen. |
| position | The ___ of the heart should be identified. |
| left | The heart is normally on which side? |
| left | The apex of the heart points to the ___. |
| left | The ___ atrium is closest to the spine. |
| right | The ___ ventricle is closest to the sternum. |
| diaphragm, bladder, stomach | What all should be demonstrated on an image of the diaphragm? |
| 4 | The heart should have how many chambers? |
| intraventricular septum | With the heart, the ___ ___ should be intact. |
| size | The right and left ventricles should be the same ___. |
| mitral, tricuspid | With the fetal heart, there should be free movement of the ___ and ___ valves. |
| left atrium | The foramen ovale should flap in the ___ ___. |
| 60-70 | A 4-chamber view of the fetal heart will detect __-__% of major congenital heart disease. |
| complete breech | What type of fetal position is when the baby is head up, with the legs crossed? |
| incomplete breech, footling breech | What type of fetal presentation has the head up, with one leg crossed, and the other sticking upward? |
| placental location | What is important to document when the baby is in breech position? |
| frank | Which breech position may dislocate the baby's hips? |
| external version | What is the procedure called where a baby is rotated from a breech to cephalic position while in the mother's womb? |
| placenta, macrosomia | What may cause a baby to be in breech position? |
| Down's syndrom | Ears and eyes at the same level on the head may indicate which pathology? |
| nose and lips with open mouth | Which image clearly rules out cleft lip and palate? |
| frontal bossing | What is a protrusion or prominent forehead? |
| chin | Micrognathia is a small ___. |
| cystic hygroma | What can a good cervical spine shot rule out? |
| linear, curvilinear | Which probes should be used when performing an anatomy scan? |
| presentation | When performing an anatomy scan, fetal ___ must be assessed. |
| position | When performing an anatomy scan, it is important to keep in mind that fetal ___ is constantly changing. |
| cephalic, breech, oblique, transverse | What are the 4 types of fetal orientation? |
| frank breech | What type of position is described when the baby has head up and both legs stuck up? |
| anomalies, mortality, morbidity | Multifetal gestations have a higher risk for fetal ___, ___, and ___. |
| fetuses | The risk for multifetal gestations increase as the number of ___ increase. |
| placenta, sac | The greatest risks for multifetal gestations occur when the fetuses share a ___ or a ___. |
| monoamnionic | What descriptive term for multifetal gestations is most dangerous? |
| zygocity | What is the term used to describe the numer of oocytes released from an ovary and fertilized by sperm called? |
| fetal poles | Zygocity is determined by the number of ___ ___ demonstrated. |
| 6 | Zygocity should only be determined after __ weeks GA. |
| vanishing twin phenomenon | What is it called when a twin dies and is expelled or absorbed by the mother? |
| refraction | When thinking that twins are seen, one should take care in calling this because ___ can occur. Scan through in 2 planes. |
| chorionicity | ___ is the number of chorionic sacs or placentas. |
| 4.5 | Chorionicity should be assessed after ___ weeks GA. |
| fuse | Twin placentas in close proximity may ___, sonographically appearing as 1. |
| 2 | A dichorionic membrane will measure >__mm. |
| 2 | A monochorionic membrane will measure <__mm. |
| dichorionic | A twin peak sign indicates a ___ pregnancy. |
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