THE THIRD WORLD: IRAN, NIGERIA AND MEXICO
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Created by:
atomicmeatballs on April 3, 2011
Subjects:
ap comparative government and politics
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chador | Full-body-covering garment that most Iranian women have to wear. |
| Charisma | A style of leadership that emphasizes the personal magnetism of a single individual. |
| Fundamentalism | Religious beliefs of a literal nature that often lead to right-wing political views. |
| Guardianship of the Jurist | Developed by Ayatollah Khomeini, supports the notion that senior clerics have the best capacity to rule in a Muslim society. |
| Image of the Enemy | Psychological concept that focuses on stereotyping one's adversary. |
| Islamicists | Muslims who are convinced that their faith should dominate politically. |
| Shah | Title of the rulers of Iran before the 1979 Islamic revolution. |
| Sharia | Islamic legal code which many argue should supercede civil law in countries such as Iran and Nigeria. |
| Shiite | Minority Muslim sect, usually seen as more militant than the Sunnis. |
| Sunni | Majority Muslim sect, usually seen as more moderate than the Shiites. |
| Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali | Supreme Leader of Iran since the death of Ayatollah Khomeini. |
| Khatami, Mohammed | Reformist president of Iran, 1997-2005. |
| Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah | Muslim cleric who led the 1979 revolution and Iran and was leader of the country until his death. |
| Rafsanjani, Ayatollah Hasemi | Second and perhaps fourth president of Iran since the 1979 revolution. |
| Shah, Mohammed Reza | The second and last Pahlevi shah of Iran; deposed in 1979. |
| Shah, Reza | First Pahlevi shah of Iran. |
| Assembly of Experts | An informal body in Iran which has de facto vet power over all major political decisions. |
| Bonyad | Islamic charities in Iran, many of which are controlled by the government. |
| Constitutional Revolution | Begun in 1906, the first attempt to bring anything like democracy to Iran. |
| Expediency Council | A half lay and half clerical body designed to smooth relations between those two communities in Iran at the highest levels. |
| Guardian Council | The leading theological body in Iran for political purposes. |
| Majlis | The Iranian parliament. |
| Pahlavi dynasty | The father and son that ruled Iran for most of the twentieth century until the revolution of 1979. |
| Supreme Leader | Title given to the Ayatollah who sits atop all Iranian political institutions. |
| White Revolution | The term used by the shah to describe reforms in Iran between the end of World War II and the downfall of his regime in 1979. |
| Dual mandate | In Nigeria and elsewhere, the notion that colonial powers had to rule on their own and through local leaders at the same time. |
| Hausa-Fulani | The leading Muslim group in northern Nigeria. |
| Igbo | The leading ethnic group in south-eastern Nigeria. Often also spelled Ibo. |
| Import substitution | Development strategy that uses tariffs and other barriers to imports, and therefore stimulates domestic industries. |
| Indirect rule | British and other colonial procedures through which "natives" were used to carry out colonial rule. |
| Mass political culture | Basic values and assumptions that people have toward authority, the political system, and other overarching themes in political life. |
| Structural adjustment | Development strategy that stresses integration into global markets, privatization, and so on. Supported by the World Bank, IMF, and other major northern financial institutions. |
| Yoruba | The leading ethnic group in southwestern Nigeria. |
| Zero-sum | Political outcome in which one side wins and the other loses. |
| Biafra | The leading ethnic group in southwestern Nigeria. |
| International Monetary fund | International agency that provides loans and other forms of assistance to countries with fiscal problems. |
| World bank | A major international lending agency for development projects based in Washington. |
| camarilla | In Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, a politician's personal following in a patron-client relationship. |
| corporatism | In Mexico and elsewhere in the third world, another term to describe the way people are integrated into the system via patron-client relations. |
| debt crisis | The massive accumulation of loans taken out by third world countries and owed to northern banks and governments from the 1970s onward. |
| Electoral alchemy | The way Mexican governments have used fraud to rig elections. |
| Maquiladora | Factories in Mexico (initially on the U.S. border, now anywhere) that operated tax-free in manufacturing goods for export. |
| Mestizo | Term used to describe Mexicans of mixed racial origin. |
| Newly Industrializing country | The handful of countries, such as South Korea, that have developed a strong industrial base and grown faster than most of the third world. |
| Patron-client relations | Neofeudal relations in which "patrons" gain the support of "clients" through the mutual exchange of benefits and obligations. |
| Sexeño | The six-year term of a Mexican president. |
| Confederation of Mexican Workers | The official trade union affiliated with the PRI. |
| Federal Election Commission | The old (and corrupt) body that supervised elections in Mexico. |
| Immigration Reform and Control Act | U.S. law, passed in 1986, that limits the rights of immigrants, especially those from Mexico. |
| PRI | Institutional Revolutionary Party, which ruled Mexico from 1927 to 2000 |
| PAN | National Action Party, the leading right-of-center opposition party in Mexico |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement. Agreement linking the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States. |
| PRD | Party of the Democratic Revolution. The leading left-of-center opposition party in Mexico. |
| PEMEX | Mexico's nationalized petrochemical industry |
| Gobernación | The ministry in charge of administration in Mexico; until recently, a post often held by politicians before becoming president. |
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